Rheology (from the Greek ρέος “flow, stream” + λόγος “teaching, science ”) is a branch of physics that studies the deformation and fluidity of matter. Studying the deformation properties of real bodies, rheology occupies an intermediate position between the theory of elasticity and hydrodynamics . The term "rheology" was introduced by the American scientist Eugene Bingham .
The initial concepts of rheology are Newtonian fluid , the viscosity of which does not depend on the deformation mode, and an ideally elastic body , in which at each moment of time the strain is proportional to the applied stress. These concepts were generalized for bodies exhibiting both plastic (viscous) and elastic properties. Practical applications of rheology describe the behavior of specific materials under loads and during flow.
Any crystal or aggregate of crystals under certain conditions can be plastically deformed. Plastic deformation of crystals is realized through the directed movement of dislocations and vacancies in it. Under the action of an external force on the crystal, stresses appear in the bulk of the crystal, which are removed by defects. If the force exceeds a certain threshold, then a brittle destruction of the object occurs.
See also
- Weissenberg effect
- Kay effect
Literature
- Reiner M. Rheology. Per. from English M .: Nauka , 1965 .-- 224 p.
- Malkin A. Ya., Isaev A.I. Rheology. Concepts, methods, applications.- M .: Profession, 2007. - 560 p. ISBN 978-5-93913-139-1 , 1-895198-33-X
- Astarita J., Marucci J. Fundamentals of hydromechanics of non-Newtonian fluids. - M .: Mir , 1978.- 312 p.
- Wilkinson, W. L. Non-Newtonian fluids. Hydromechanics, mixing and heat transfer. Per from English. - M .: Mir, 1964 .-- 216 p.
- Shulman 3. P. Conversations on rheophysics. - Minsk: Science and technology, 1976. - 96с.
- Vinogradov G.V., Malkin A. Ya. Rheology of polymers. - M .: Chemistry , 1977 .-- 440c.
- Severs E. Fluidity and Rheology of Polymers. Per. from English - M.: Chemistry, 1966 .-- 200s.
- Malkin A. Ya., Chalykh AE. Diffusion and viscosity of polymers. - M .: Chemistry, 1979. - 304c.
- Schramm G. Fundamentals of practical rheology and rheometry. Per. from English Ed. Kulichikhina V.G. - M .: KolosS, 2003 .-- 311c. ISBN 5-9532-0234-2
Links
- Rheological Society. G.V. Vinogradova
- About Rheology at xumuk.ru
- N. I. Malinin. Rheology // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- About Cat Rheology