Tari ( ital. Tari ) - initially gold , then a silver coin minted in Southern Italy from the X century. The name may derive from the name of the Arabic dirham [1] [2] .
Gold tari weighing 0.9 g, modeled on the Fatimid dinars , were minted by the Duke of Gisulf (935–974). After the Norman conquest of southern Italy, the tari were also minted by Norman rulers, who also followed the Arabic patterns, placing Kufic inscriptions on coins, for example, the Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily Robert Guiscard (1059-1085).
Roger II ( count , and in 1130-1154 the king of Sicily ) minted the tari in Palermo and Messina , the cross and the name of Christ - IC XC NI KA - first appeared on his tari.
William II the Good (1166-1189) minted coins in two tari (1.5 g), as well as concave tari. Under King Federigo (1197-1212 and 1217-1250) in 1231 a new gold coin was issued - August , officially equated to 7 1 ⁄ 2 tariffs, while tariffs continued to be in circulation. Conrad IV (1250-1254) minted coins in 4 (3.8 g) and 9 (7.9 g) tari with Kufic circular inscription.
Other denominations were minted - 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 tariffs. Coins were minted in Amalfi , Brindisi , Messina and Palermo . The emblem was often placed on coins, less often a portrait of the ruler. Sometimes only inscriptions were placed on the coins (no images). At the end of the 13th century, the minting of gold tari was discontinued.
The silver tari began to be minted under Pedro I and Constance II (1282–1285), and a crowned eagle was depicted on coins. Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479-1516) minted silver tari in Messina. The minting of Sicilian silver tari lasted until 1799. Coins were minted in denominations of 1 ⁄ 2 , 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 tariffs [3] .
The Order of Malta began to mint silver tari in 1530. In accordance with the monetary system of the order of tariff = 1 ⁄ 12 scudo . In the XVII-XVIII centuries, coins in 1 and 2 tariffs were minted both from silver and from copper. Coins of higher denominations (3, 4, 6, 8, 15, 16, 30 tari) were minted only from silver [4] [5] . After the loss of the island of Malta in 1798, the order ceased the production of its coins. In 1961, the Order resumed minting coins according to the old monetary system, starting to issue coins in 2 and 9 tariffs. In 1961, coins were minted in Rome , in 1962 in Paris , in 1963 in Arezzo . Since 1964, coins have been minted by the Mint of the Order of Malta [6] .
Gallery
Tari Robert Guiscard
Tari Roger II
Tari Henry I
Tari Federigo
Tari Ferdinand II
30 Tari of the Order of Malta, 1798
Notes
- ↑ National Assembly, 1980 , Tari .
- ↑ ENG, 2005 , p. 460-461.
- ↑ Cuhaj, 2010 , pp. 995-996.
- ↑ Bruce, 2008 , pp. 1167-1169.
- ↑ Cuhaj, 2010 , pp. 1066-1068.
- ↑ Website of the Order of Malta: Section A little history
Literature
- Numismatic Dictionary / [Author: Zvarich VV ]. - 4th ed .. - Lviv: Higher school, 1980.
- Encyclopedic Handbook for Numismatists / [Author: Krivtsov V.]. - M .: Obverse (No. 7), 2005 .-- 830 s.
- Bruce CR, Michael T., Miller H. Standard Catalog of World Coins 1601-1700. - 4th ed. - Iola: Krause Publications, 2008 .-- 1344 p. - ISBN 978-0-89689-708-3 .
- Cuhaj G., Michael T. Standard Catalog of World Coins 1701-1800. - 5th ed. - Iola: Krause Publications, 2010 .-- 1344 p. - ISBN 978-1-4402-1364-9 .