Democratic Federation of Northern Syria

Agriculture is the dominant sector of the economy. In the Euphrates region, wheat and olives are grown, Jazira specializes only in wheat, Afrin specializes in olives.

The main advantage of Jazeera is oil production ^[5] .

Resources

Oil and food production are the basis of the region’s economy; oil and agricultural products such as sheep, grain and cotton are exported ^[6] . Import includes consumer goods and spare parts ^{[7] [8] [9]} .

Before the war, Al-Hasak produced about 40,000 barrels of crude oil per day. During the war, the refinery only operated at 5% capacity due to the lack of chemicals for oil refining.

During the civil war in Syria, the Kurds created several armed groups, such as YPG , YPJ , Asayish internal troops. Together with Arab militias, they formed the US-backed alliance Syrian Democratic Forces (Syrian Democratic Forces) .

Since the summer of 2012, the territory of Syrian Kurdistan has been controlled by the Supreme Kurdish Council and the armed forces subordinate to it (YPG) (only Hasek and El-Kamyshly partially remained under the control of the government of Bashar al-Assad ) ^[10] .

On July 12, 2012, an agreement was signed in Erbil (Iraqi Kurdistan) between the leading military-political forces of the Syrian Kurds - the Democratic Union Party and the Kurdish National Council , which actually proclaimed the sovereignty of Syrian Kurdistan under the leadership of the Supreme Kurdish Council . On July 19, YPG troops stormed the city of Ain al-Arab , shortly after which the government forces left the cities of Amoud , Afrin and Ras al-Ain without any serious resistance. On July 22, battles between the YPG and government forces in El-Kamyshly began . On August 2, 2012, the National Coordinating Committee for Democratic Change announced that the Assad regime was overthrown throughout Syrian Kurdistan and that the entire region was now controlled by the Kurds (except for the city of El-Kamyshly, where there were still some government troops that did not conflict with Kurds and allowing them to raise the Kurdish flag over the city) ^{[11] [12]} .

In January 2013, YPG units began an operation to establish full control over the oil-bearing areas of Syrian Kurdistan. After several days of fighting, government forces were forced to retreat without waiting for any help from Damascus ^[13] . In early March of the same year, it was announced that the entire oil industry in northeastern Syria was now under Kurdish control ^[14] .

On November 14, 2013, the Democratic Union announced plans to create a transitional government in the Kurdish regions of Syria ^[15] .

The participation of the Kurdish People's Self-Defense Forces (YPG) in the Syrian conflict began with clashes with government forces in the city of Ain al-Arab in the summer of 2012. On July 19, 2012, Self-Defense Forces captured the city, and the next day captured Amudu, Afrin and neighboring agricultural areas. Since May 2013, the YPG have also been actively fighting the SSA fighters and the Islamists, acting as the “third force” in the conflict. To manage the region, the Kurds create the Supreme Kurdish Committee (Kurd. Desteya Bilind a Kurd, DBK ). By July 24, Syrian Kurds are seizing the cities of Derika-Khemko ( Al-Malikiya ), SER Kaniyê ( Ras al-Ain ), Dirbesi ( Al-Darbasiya ) and Girke Lege ( Al-Mabada ). The only main Kurdish cities that have partially remained under the control of government forces are Hasake and Kamyshly.

The Syrian Kurdistan National Assembly was founded at two 2006 conferences, one in the US Senate, and the other in the European Parliament in Brussels. The purpose of the National Assembly is the formation of a democratic regime in Syria and the granting of rights to the Kurds and other national minorities, the creation of a federal state.

During the Arab Spring, February 4, 2011 through Facebook in Syria, Anger Day was announced, in which Kurdish activists participated in demonstrations in the north-east of the country. On October 7, 2011, one of the Kurdish leaders, Mashaal Tammo, was shot dead by masked men in his apartment. Many supporters of Tammo felt that the murder was organized by the Syrian secret services. The next day, during the funeral of Tammo, where more than 50 thousand people were present, security forces opened fire on a funeral procession, killing five people. The son of M. Tammo, Farez Tammo, reacted to this as follows: "The murder of my father is a nail in the coffin of the regime." Since then, Kurdish demonstrations have become an ongoing part of the Syrian civil war. In June 2012, the main body of the opposition, the Syrian National Council (SNA), elected Abdel Seyd, the ethnic Kurd, as its leader (held this position until November 9, 2012).

On November 12, 2013, the Democratic Union, the largest Kurdish party in Syria, announced plans to create a transitional government in Kurdish areas in the north-east of the country with an administrative center in the city of Kamyshly. The region was proposed to be divided into three regions - al-Jazeera (Hasek governorate), Kobani (Ain al-Arab) and Afrin (Aleppo governorate).

On January 21, 2014, it was announced the creation of an autonomous self-governing canton of Jazir with an administrative center in the city of Kamyshly in northeastern Syria. Ekrem Heso was elected President, a cabinet of 22 people was appointed. The official languages ​​of the canton are Kurdish , Arabic and Assyrian ^[16] .

March 17, 2016 it was announced the creation of autonomy of the three cantons ^[2] .

The main decision-making body in Syrian Kurdistan is the popular assembly . Council members are elected subject to ethnic balance. In each municipality, there should be one representative from the Kurds, Arabs and Assyrians or Armenians and at least one woman in the three main posts. ^[17]

The Kurdistan Workers Party announced the abandonment of plans to create a Kurdish state. Instead, she, inspired by the ideas of libertarian municipalism , calls on the Kurds to create free, self-governing communities that operate on the principles of direct democracy , which will then be united regardless of state borders. ^{[17] [18]}

Kurdish High Council

The Supreme Kurdish Council (Kurd. Desteya Bilind a Kurd, DBK) is the interim government of Syrian Kurdistan during the civil war in Syria, consisting of half of the members of the Democratic Union, half of the members of the Kurdish National Council. The decision to establish the DBK was made on July 12, 2012 in Erbil with the approval of the President of Iraqi Kurdistan, Masoud Barzani. DBK is headquartered in Ain El Arab . Subordinate to the VKS are the Self-Defense Forces (ONS), which ensure security in Syrian Kurdistan.

July 12, 2012 - an interim government of Syrian Kurdistan (Kurdish High Committee) is created.

November 2013 - A Regional Government is created.

January 21, 2014 - announcement of the creation of the Autonomy of Syrian Kurdistan.

January 2014 - an interim Constitution was adopted.

•   Turkey claims that the ONS is a terrorist organization like the PKK .
•   Iraqi Kurdistan There is military cooperation with Iraqi Kurdistan and the United States, although there is no official support for Rojava or ONS. See more in a separate article .
•   The official representation of the Syrian Kurdistan in the Russian Federation was opened in Moscow on February 10, 2016 ^[19] .
•   The official representation of the Syrian Kurdistan in Germany opened in Berlin on May 7, 2016 ^[20] .
•   The official representative office of Syrian Kurdistan in France opened on May 23, 2016 ^[21] .