Jahmism ( Arabic: الجهمية - al-jahmiyya ) is a trend in Islam , the founder and eponym of which is Jahm ibn Safwan . Jahm, in turn, adopted these views from his teacher, Jada ibn Dirham .
| Jahmites | |
|---|---|
| Arab. الجهمية | |
| General information | |
| Other names | Jahmiya |
| Base | 8th century |
| Founder | Jahm ibn Safwan |
| The founders | Bishr al-Marisi |
| Religion | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Flow | sunnism |
| Allies | mutazilites |
| Opponents | syphatitis |
Representatives
Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 745) was born in Samarkand , first lived in Termez , and then in Kufa , where he met with Jad ibn Dirham. He became his follower and preacher of his ideas. Returning to his homeland, he began to lead theological disputes with ulama who did not share his view. Later he took part in the uprising against the Umayyad governor Khorasan and was captured and executed at Merv [1] . Among the most famous preachers of Jahmitic views can be noted Bishra al-Marisi (d. In 833). At the beginning of the XI century. Jahmites acted in Nehavend, but some of them were forced to accept the teachings of the Asharites [2] .
The Creed of the Jahmeet
Medieval Muslim doxographers attributed the jahmits to the Murgiites , then to the Jabarites [2] . Many views of the jahmits are recognized by the Sunnis as heretical , and sometimes even leading a person out of the bosom of Islam. Thus, the jahmits deny all the names and attributes of Allah, faith in which is an important part of the religious doctrine of orthodox Muslims. On the issue of interpreting the concept of “ iman, ” the jahmits are similar to the Murgiites , and argue that faith is only knowledge of Allah, and unbelief is ignorance about him. They also stated that heaven and hell would sooner or later disappear, which contradicts both the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad .
In the matter of predestination, the jahmits adhere to the fact that a person does not have free will and is forced into his actions. And on the question of the nature of Allah, the jahmites are pantheists and say that he is everywhere and abides with each of the creatures. In addition, they deny the possibility of seeing Allah the righteous Muslims in paradise.
Criticism of Jahmism
Since the advent of jahmism, this trend has been the subject of criticism by many prominent representatives of orthodox Islam. In the IX century. numerous “Denials” of the teachings of the jahmites appeared, the authors of which were Sunni and Mutazilite theologians, including Ahmad ibn Hanbal , Ibn Kutayba , Ibn Kayyima al-Jawziyah (“ Collection of Islamic Forces ” (ar.) ), ad-Darimi (“ Denial of the Jahmites ” (ar.) ) and others [2] . Critics of the jahmites were Abu Bakr al-Baykhaki , Abu Hamid al-Ghazali , Ibn Hajar al-Askalani , Ibn Taymiyyah , Ibn Qasir and many others.
Al-Baykhaki said:
In the fact that we wrote down from the verses of the Qur'an an argument on the inconsistency of the words of the jahmits that Allah, holy and great, is his essence everywhere. And the words of Allah “He is with you, wherever you are” [3] mean that he is with us with his knowledge, and not with essence.
Original text (ar.)وفيما كتبنا من الآيات دلالة على إبطال قول من زعم من الجهمية أن الله سبحانه وتعالى بذاته في كل مكان, وقوله عز وجل: {وهو معكم أين ما كنتم} إنما أراد به بعلمه لا بذاته
Notes
- ↑ Ibn Safwan // New Philosophical Dictionary . Date of treatment June 30, 2013. Archived July 4, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Islam: ES, 1991 , p. 64.
- ↑ al-Hadid 57: 4
Literature
- Prozorov S.M. al-Jahmiyya // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science , GDVL , 1991 . - S. 64. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .
- Ali-zade A. A. Jabrits // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007 .-- 400 p. - (The Golden Fund of Islamic Thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .