Sheino (Moscow region)

In written sources, the village is referred to as Sheino ^{[5] [6] [7]} or Sheina ^[8] . The name is associated with the non-calendar personal name Shea ^[9] or the surname Shein ^{[10] [11]} . There is an assumption about the origin of the name of the village from the surname of the Sheyar boyars ^{[12] [13] [14]} . 4.5 km south-east of the village was a village of the same name - Sheino ( Kazan ) ^{[15] [16]} .

Pond in the village of Sheino

The village is located within the Meshchera lowland , belonging to the East European Plain , at an altitude of 120 m above sea level ^[17] . The terrain is flat. On all sides, the village, like most neighboring villages, is surrounded by fields. To the southeast of the village there is a reservoir of artificial origin The Big Swamp , where peat was mined from the 1940s. Behind the Sheinsky farm is Voilishnik - a swampy field with sedge grass, further north-east of the village is the small forest of Petelina - the place of nesting grouse ^[18] . On the southwestern outskirts of the village there is a small reservoir - Akulina pit . 4 km east of the village is located Svyatoe Lake , the highest of Klepikovsky Lakes . There are three ponds in the village.

By road, the distance to the Moscow Ring Road is about 173 km, to the district center, the city of Shatura - 55 km, to the nearest city of Spas-Klepiki, Ryazan Region - 28 km, to the border with the Ryazan Region - 12 km. The nearest settlement is the village of Yakushevichi , located 200 m south of Shein ^[19] .

The village is located in a zone of temperate continental climate with relatively cold winters and moderately warm, and sometimes hot, summers. Peaty and peaty-podzolic soils with prevalence of loams and clays are widespread in the vicinity of the village ^[20] .

In the village, as well as throughout the Moscow region, Moscow time operates.

From the 17th century to 1861

In the XVII century, the village of Sheino was part of the Sheinsky krai of the Volost of Murom village of Vladimir district of the Zamoskovsky region of the Moscow kingdom ^[5] . The first known owner of the village was Nikon Gavrilovich Palitsyn, a representative of the noble family of the Palitsins . Nikon Gavrilovich was killed in 1634 during the defensive battles of the army of M. B. Shein , which followed the unsuccessful siege of Smolensk ^[21] . In 7143 (1634/35), Palitsyna’s estate , including the village of Sheino, was given “for a living” to his widow Agrafene and son Maxim. In the scribe book of Vladimir Uyezd in the years 1637–1648, Sheino is described as a village on a dry land with three courtyards; the village had medium-sized arable land and grasslands:

The village of Sheino is on a dry land, and in it there are peasants' yard Dorofeyko Onofriev and his son Borisko, and his nephew Panteleik, nickname Ivashko, Konstantinov. Yard Filimonko Ermolyev and his children Fadeyko da Petrushko. The courtyard is empty: Yermolko Timofeev and his son Kondrashka fled unknownly in 146. Arable land, the middle lands twenty-six quarters, and four quarters in the field overgrown with forest, and two in the same; hay about paul fifteen kopen ^[5]

The only son and heir to Nikon Palitsyn, Maxim, was killed in 1659 at the Battle of Konotop ^[21] .

As a result of the provincial reform of 1708, the village became part of the Moscow province ^[22] . After the formation of provinces in 1719, the village entered the Vladimir province , and from 1727 into the newly restored Vladimir district.

In 1778, Ryazan governorate was formed (since 1796 - the province). Subsequently, until the beginning of the 20th century, Sheino was part of the Yegoryevsky district of the Ryazan province .

In the Economic Notes to the General Land Surveying Plans, which were worked out in 1771-1781, the village is described as follows:

The village of Sheino, Grigory Afanasyev, the son of Matyushkin (12 yards, 27 men, 30 women). At the nameless lake. Silty land, bread and mowing are mediocre, woodland wood, peasants on arable land ^[11]

In the last quarter of the XVIII century, the owner of the village was the Life Guards Captain-Lieutenant Grigory Afanasyevich Matyushkin ^[18] . After the death of Matyushkin, his entire estate, numbering about 3,000 souls of serfs, was transferred to his friend Count P.I. Panin . Matyushkin’s daughter was deprived of her inheritance because she married Nikolai Lavrentievich Shetnev without parental consent. However, Count Panin declared himself the guardian of the granddaughter of Matyushkin, Ekaterina Nikolaevna Shetneva , and after she married P.V. Lopukhin in 1786, she returned to her all her grandfather’s inheritance ^{[23] [24]} .

In 1804, Ekaterina Nikolaevna Lopukhina gave all the immovable property, including the village of Sheino, to the dowry of her daughter Alexandra ^[25] , when she married A. A. Zherebtsova . In turn, Alexandra Petrovna Zherebtsova gave the estate to her daughter Olga, who married Prince A.F. Orlov .

In the Patriotic War of 1812, a resident of the village, militiaman Afanasyev Ivan Vasilievich, 18 years old , died ^[18] .

According to the X revision of 1858, the village belonged to the general from the cavalry, stats lady, Princess Olga Alexandrovna Orlova ^[26] . According to 1859, Sheino is the owner's village of the 1st camp of the Yegoryevsky district on the left side of the Kasimovsky tract, at the wells ^[27] . At the time of the abolition of serfdom, the owner of the village was Countess Olga Alexandrovna Orlova ^[28] .

1861-1917

After the reform of 1861, one rural society was formed from the peasants of the village, which became part of the Lekinsky volost ^[28] .

According to the Memorial Book of the Ryazan Province for 1868 in the village there was a windmill with one set ^[29] .

In 1885, statistical material was collected on the economic situation of villages and communities in the Yegoryevsky district ^[30] . The village had a communal land tenure. The land was divided according to audit souls . Redistribution of secular land was practiced - arable land and most of the meadows were shared every 10 years. Some meadows were shared annually. The community had both wood and timber forest. Cut timber was cut as needed and divided by trees, while the firewood needed for heating was cut annually in predetermined bends. Allotment land consisted of 3 plots, separated from one another by foreign possessions. Distant stripes were 1 verst away from the village. Arable land was divided into 70 plots. The length of shower strips is from 10 to 40 fathoms , and the width is from 1 to 3 arshins . There was not enough land, and 60 householders rented 77.5 acres of meadows for 290 rubles, from 3 to 6 rubles for tithes ^[6] .

The soils were sandy loam with an admixture of silt and loamy. Arable land is flat, sometimes low-lying and moist. The meadows are mostly boggy, but there were also dry ones. The runs were inconvenient, and therefore the community had to pay the peasants of the village of Perkhurovo for the passage of cattle to the pasture. There was a small pond in the village and almost in every yard there were wells with good and constant water. His bread was not enough, so he was bought in the village of Spas-Klepikakh ^[6] . They planted rye, oats, buckwheat and potatoes ^[31] . The peasants had 44 horses, 135 cows, 331 sheep, 115 pigs, as well as 31 fruit trees, they did not keep bees. The huts were built of wood, covered with wood and iron, drowned in white ^[32] .

The village was part of the parish of the village of Sheino (Kazan). The nearest school was in the village of Leke . In the village itself on public land there was a tavern, from which the community received 80 rubles a year. The main local fishery was knitting fishing nets, which were exclusively for women. Most men were engaged in latrine , local earnings had only one watchman. 103 carpenters went to work, mainly to Moscow ^[6] .

According to data from 1905, carpentry remained the main latrine industry in the village. The nearest post office and zemstvo hospital were in the village of Arkhangelsk ^[7] .

1917-1991

In 1919, the village of Sheino as part of the Lekinsky volost was transferred from the Yegoryevsky district to the newly formed Spas-Klepikovsky district of the Ryazan province. In 1921, the Spas-Klepikovsky district was transformed into the Spas-Klepikovsky district, which was abolished in 1924. After the abolition of the Spas-Klepikovsky district, the village was transferred to the Ryazan district of the Ryazan province ^[33] . In 1925 there was an enlargement of volosts, as a result of which the village ended up in an enlarged Arkhangelsk volost ^[34] . During the reform of the administrative-territorial division of the USSR in 1929, the village became part of the Dmitrovsky district of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky district of the Moscow region ^[35] . In 1930, the districts were abolished, and the Dmitrovsky district was renamed Korobovsky ^[36] .

In 1930, the village of Sheino was part of the Perkhurovsky Village Council of the Korobovsky District of the Moscow Region ^[37] . At the beginning of the 1930s, the Red Plowman collective farm was organized in the village. Famous collective farm chairmen: Belikov (1934), Isaev (since March 1934), Shamova (1935-1936, 1940), Dmitry Novikov (1942), Barskov (1946) ^[18] . In the late 1930s, three villagers became victims of political repression : Ivan Burdanov, Anastasia Kupriyanovna Safronova and Vera Kupriyanovna Safronova ^[38] .

In the 1930-1960s. children from the village of Sheino attended schools located in nearby settlements: an elementary school in Perkhurovo ^[39] and a seven-year (later eight-year) school in Yakushevichi ^[40] .

In 1939, the Perkhurovsky Village Council was abolished, the village of Sheino was transferred to the Zimenkovsky Village Council ^[36] .

During World War II , 59 villagers were drafted into the army. Of these, 19 people died and 19 went missing. Four natives of the village were awarded military orders and medals:

• Grishin Vasily Nikitich (b. 1923) - drafted in 1942, served as a Red Army soldier in the 364th Infantry Regiment of the 139th Infantry Division, was demobilized by injuries in 1942, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the medal "For the victory over Germany " ;
• Grishin Konstantin Nikitich (born 1920) - was drafted in 1940, served in the 191st rifle regiment of the 1st Amur Division, was demobilized in 1946 as a senior sergeant, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree and medals "For Combat Merits ” , “ For the Defense of Leningrad ” ,“ For the Victory over Germany ”, “ For the Victory over Japan ” ;
• Novikov Yakov Ivanovich (born 1926) - was drafted in 1943, served as the foreman of the II article on the battleship “October Revolution” , was discharged in 1950, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the medal “For Victory over Germany”;
• Somin Vladimir Mikhailovich (b. 1925) - drafted in 1944, served in the rank of Red Army in the 10th separate battalion of the airborne warning and communications service, was discharged in 1946, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree and medals “For the Defense of the Soviet The Arctic " ," For the victory over Germany " ^[41] .

In 1951, collective farms were enlarged, as a result of which the village of Sheino entered the collective farm “The Way to Communism”, since 1958 the collective farm was in the village ^[42] .

In 1954, the village was transferred from the abolished Zimenkovsky village council to the Lekinsky village council . On June 3, 1959, the Korobovsky district was abolished, the Lekinsky Village Council was transferred to the Shatursky District. ^[36] .

In 1960, the Pyshlitsky state farm was created, which included all neighboring villages, including Sheino ^[42] . The village was the center of the Sheinsky branch of the state farm ^[43] .

Among the villagers who worked on the collective farm, and then on the Pyshlitsky state farm, there were order bearers. The tractor operator on the state farm worked as a native of the village, Alexandra Mikhailovna Ekhmeneva, cavalier of the Order of Labor Glory of the third degree ^[44] . For a long time, Maria Efimovna Petukhova (born in the village of Kalinino, Lipetsk Region ), a knight of the Order “Mother Heroine” (1969) worked on a Sheinsky farm ^[45] .

From the end of 1962 to the beginning of 1965, Sheino was part of the Yegoryevsky enlarged rural area , created during the failed reform of the administrative-territorial division , after which the village as part of the Lekinsky Village Council was again transferred to the Shatursky District ^[46] .

Since 1991

In 1994, in accordance with the new regulation on local self-government in the Moscow Region, the Lekinsky Village Council was transformed into the Lekinsky Village District. In 2004, the Lekinsky rural district was abolished, and its territory was included in the Pyshlitsky rural district ^[47] . In 2005, the Pyshlitsky rural settlement was formed , which included the village of Sheino. The first head of the settlement was Makarov Viktor Vladimirovich (born 1963), a native of the village ^{[48] [49]} .

The first information about the inhabitants of the village is found in the scribe book of the Vladimir district of 1637–1648, which took into account only the tax-paying male population ( peasants and wanders ) ^[58] . In the village of Sheino there were three yards: two peasant yards, in which 6 men lived, and one empty bobyl yard (2 boblins were on the run) ^[5] .

In censuses for 1790, 1812, 1858 (X revision), 1859 and 1868, only peasants were taken into account. The number of households and residents: in 1790 - 12 households, 27 husband., 30 wives. ^[11] ; in 1812-184 people. ^[18] ; in 1850 - 45 yards ^[59] ; in 1858 - 162 men., 189 women. ^[60] ; in 1859 - 49 yards, 162 men., 189 women. ^[27] ; in 1868 - 60 yards, 166 husband., 186 wives. ^[29]

In 1885, a broader statistical review was made. 439 peasants lived in the village (73 households, 215 men, 224 women), of the 78 householders, five did not have their own home ^[61] . In addition, in the village lived 1 family of petty bourgeois, not attributed to peasant society (1 man and 1 woman, did not have their own yard) ^[62] . In 1885, literacy among the peasants of the village was almost 13% (56 out of 439 people), there were also 14 students (13 boys and 1 girl) ^[63] .

In 1905, 471 people lived in the village (76 households, 234 men, 237 women) ^[7] . From the second half of the 20th century, the number of inhabitants of the village gradually decreased: in 1970 - 70 yards, 216 people; in 1993 - 57 yards, 106 people. ^[64] ; in 2002 - 78 people. (32 husband., 46 wife.) ^[65] .

According to the 2010 census , 77 people lived in the village (36 men, 41 women), of which 28 were able-bodied people, 42 people were older than able-bodied people and 7 people were younger than able-bodied people ^[66] . The villagers by nationality are mostly Russian (89% according to the 2002 census ^[65] ).

The village was part of the Leckinsky dialect , described by academician A. A. Shakhmatov in 1914 ^[67] . Some features of dialect are still found in the speech of the older generation ^[68] .

The village has a shop, a village club ^[69] and a library ^[70] (created in 1953 ^[71] ). Medical services for the villagers are provided by the feldsher-midwife station ^[72] , the Pyshlitsky dispensary, the Korobovskaya district hospital and the Shatursky central district hospital. The nearest emergency department is located in Dmitrovsky Pogost ^[73] . The villagers receive secondary education at the Pyshlitsa secondary school ^[74] .

Fire safety in the village is provided by fire departments No. 275 (fire stations in the village of Dmitrovsky Pogost and the village of Yevlevo ) ^[75] and No. 295 (fire stations in the village of the sanatorium "Lake Beloe" and the village of Pyshlitsy ) ^[76] .

The village is electrified, but not gasified ^[77] . In accordance with the Program “Development of Gasification in the Moscow Region until 2017”, gas supply to the village is not planned ^[78] . There is no central water supply, the need for fresh water is provided by public and private wells . Previously, a standpipe was also used to supply cold water.

For burial of the dead, villagers usually use a cemetery located near the village of Pogostishche . Until the middle of the 20th century, the Kazan Church was located next to the cemetery, the parish of which included the village of Sheino.

•  

  Country Club

•  

  Mail building

•  

  Score

A paved public road Dubasovo-Pyatnitsa-Pestovskaya ^[79] passes through the village, and there is a bus stop for Sheino shuttle buses. Another (dead end) street is adjacent to the indicated road and is a dirt road, another dead end road goes north from the intersection to the former collective farm. At the intersection of roads is the center of the village. The village is connected by bus with the district center - the city of Shatura and Krivandino station (route No. 27) ^[80] , the village of Dmitrovsky Pogost and the village of Grishakino (route No. 40) ^[81] , as well as with the city of Moscow (route No. 327, “ Perkhurovo - Moscow (metro Vykhino ) ”) ^{[82] [83]} . The nearest railway station, Krivandino, in the Kazan direction, is 47 km away by road ^[84] .

Cellular communication ( 2G and 3G ) is available in the village, provided by Beeline ^[85] , MegaFon ^[86] and MTS ^[87] operators. A payphone is installed in the center of the village. For 2014, the post office in the village is temporarily closed. The nearest post office serving the villagers is located in the village of Pyshlitsy ^[88] .

• Shatursky district of the Moscow region. Cultural and natural heritage (Explanatory text to the map, index of heritage objects). - M .: Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage named after D. S. Likhachev, Administration of the Shatursky District of the Moscow Region, 2003. - 104 p. - ISBN 5-86443-084-6 .
• Davydov N.V. Shatursky Territory under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in letters and measures of Prince. V.P. Kropotkin. - M .: Izvestia Publishing House, 2010. - 480 p. - ISBN 978-5-206-00783-1 .
• Chistyakov N. D. Priozernaya Yalmat. Encyclopedia. - Spas-Klepiki, 2012 .-- 291 p.
• Chistyakov N. D. They fought for their homeland. - Spas-Klepiki, 2003.
• Kramich G. History and secrets of the land of Shaturskaya. - Shatura, 2007 .-- 252 p.
• Collection of statistical information on the Ryazan province. Volume V. Vol. I. Egorievsky district. - Ryazan, 1886.

• Collection of statistical information on the Ryazan province. Volume V. Vol. II. Egorievsky district. - Ryazan, 1887.

• Populated places of the Ryazan province / Ed. I.I. Prokhodtsova. - Ryazan, 1906.

• Handbook of administrative-territorial division of the Moscow region 1929-2004 - M .: Kuchkovo field, 2011 .-- 896 p. - 1,500 copies - ISBN 978-5-9950-0105-8 .

• Official site of the rural settlement Pyshlitskoe (Neopr.) .
• Village Sheino on the maps (Neopr.) .
• Classifier of addresses of the Russian Federation. Village Sheino (neopr.) . The state register of addresses of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. Date of treatment May 22, 2015.