Pogostishche (Moscow region)

In the scribal book of Vladimir Uyezd in 1637-1648. referred to as Pogostishchi ( Pogostishchi ) ^[4] , in later written sources - Pogostishchi ^{[5] [6] [7] [8]} . On the boundary map of the Ryazan province of 1850 and the Special map of European Russia in 1871, the village is designated as Pogoshchitsa ^{[9] [10]}

The suffix -ische indicates that the village is located on the site of the former graveyard . However, regarding the meaning of the word graveyard, which underlies the name of the village, opinions differ. According to the version of E. M. Pospelov, the term “ churchyard” originally meant “a place where trading people (guests) gathered and bargaining took place”, later churches were built and church cemeteries arose ^[11] . According to another version, a churchyard means the place where the prince stayed to collect tribute from the surrounding villages ^[12] .

Locals and residents of the surrounding villages pronounce the name of the village as Pogoshcha .

The village is located within the Meshchera lowland , belonging to the East European Plain , at an altitude of 117 m above sea level ^[13] . The terrain is flat. To the west of the village are former collective farm fields. To the east of the village is the state nature reserve “Imles and Dubovoye Lakes with Wet Shores”, an area of ​​2100 ha ^[14] . Many rare and protected birds ( white-tailed eagle , golden eagle , osprey , great spotted spotted eagle , gray crane , capercaillie , etc.) nest and stop during migration here ^[15] . On Oak Lake, opposite the village is Kupalsky Island ( Gorelikha ) ^[16] .

The village consists of two streets, one has a name - Klepova street ^[17] .

By road, the distance to the Moscow Ring Road is about 173 km, to the district center, the city of Shatura - 61 km, to the nearest city of Spas-Klepiki, Ryazan Region - 27 km, to the border with the Ryazan Region - 11 km. The nearest settlement is the village of Dorofeyevo , located 500 m south of Pogostishche ^[18] .

The village is in a zone of temperate continental climate with relatively cold winters and moderately warm, and sometimes hot, summers. In the vicinity of the village, alluvial soils are prevalent, with predominance of loam and clay ^[19] .

In the village, as well as throughout the Moscow region, Moscow time operates.

From the 17th century to 1861

In the XVII century, the village of Pogostishche was part of the Yalmansky Territory of the Murom Volost of the Vladimirsky District of the Zamoskovsky Territory of the Moscow Empire . The village belonged to Matvey Grigorievich Sovin , as well as Aksinya Kuzminskaya and her grandson Anton Ivanovich Kuzminsky. In the scribal book of Vladimir Uyezd in 1637-1648. Pogostishche is described as a village on Lake Pogozh ; in the village there were arable lands of medium quality and hayfields ^[4] .

Matvey Sovin received half of the village on the patrimony for service during the campaign of Vladislav IV to Moscow ^[20] . He had a court of the estate and 7 more peasant and bobyl households:

Half a village, without a toss, Pogostishchi on the lake on Pogozhsky, and the other half of that village on the estate for the widow for Oksinya for Ivanovskaya wife of Kuzminsky and her grandson, for the undersized, for Anton Ivanov’s son Kuzminsky. And in it on his half the courtyard of his estate is empty; courtyard business man Antoshka Fadeev. Yes, the peasant in the yard Yakushka Grigoriev and his brother Borisko. Yard Vlasko Mikiforov and his brother Grishka, Vlask has a son Kondrashka, Grishka has a son Senka. Yard Timoshka Andreev. Yes to the yard Volodka Grigoryev. Yard Matyushka Danilov. Yard Maximko Fedorov. Arable land is plowed, the middle lands are nineteen even in the field, and two in the same; hay between paul and twenty kopens in the open ^[21]

Aksinya Kuzminskaya and her grandson owned four courtyards:

Half a village, with a lot, Pogostishche on a lake on Pogozhsky, and the other half of that village, without a lot, in the estate of Matvey Grigoriev, son of Sovin. And in it half of them with a lottery, the peasant Nikiforko’s court, the nickname Trenka, Mikifork’s children Ivashko, yes Yeremko, and Fedka, Trenka’s son Kipriyanko, and their nephew Timoshka Osipov, and his children Loginko, yes Isachko, and Mitka. Yes, the yard of Vlasko Yuryev’s yard and his children Savka, yes Afonka, yes Ivashko, Savka’s children are Savko’s and Mokeiko’s, Afonka’s son is Grishka. Yard Maksimko Andreev and his children Danilko da Petrushka; yes his nephew Gavrilka Osipov, and his son Borisko. Yvashko Danilov’s court and his brother Andryushka, Ivashka’s son Pronk, and Andryushka’s son Isachko. Arable land, the middle land twenty-four in the field, and in two, after that; hay between Paul and twenty kopen in the open ^[22]

After the death of Matvey Sovin, his estate was given to Nikita Borisovich Domozhirova , and then to the stolnik Yakov Ivanovich Divov ^[23] .

In 1637, the St. Nicholas Monastery on Lake Pogsky was mentioned ^[24] . There is an assumption that the monastery was near a village on the island of Oak Lake ^[25] .

As a result of the provincial reform of 1708, the village became part of the Moscow province ^[26] . After the formation of provinces in 1719, the village entered the Vladimir province , and from 1727 into the newly restored Vladimir district.

In 1778, Ryazan governorate was formed (since 1796 - the province). Subsequently, until the beginning of the 20th century, Pogostishche was part of the Yegoryevsky district of the Ryazan province .

In the Economic Notes to the General Land Surveying Plans, which were worked out in 1771-1781, the village is described as follows:

The village of Pogostishchi, Alexandra Mikhailova, daughter of Novosiltseva, Lev Semenov, son of Izedinov, Pyotr Nikiforov, son of Dolgov-Saburov, Anna Semenova daughter Ogalina (29 courtyards, 63 men, 57 women) with church land allocated to the graveyard of Sheinu village. At Lake Dubovoy, the wooden church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the churchyard consists on carved church ground. Church land at the mentioned lake. Silty land, bread and mowing are mediocre, peasants on arable land ^[5]

In the last quarter of the 18th century, the village belonged to second major Alexandra Mikhailovna Novoseltseva, in 1797 - to the titular counselor Elizaveta Petrovna Kaznacheeva. In 1812, the village was owned by Ivan Bibikov, ensign Alexander Dolgo-Saburov, Elizaveta Petrovna Kaznacheeva and Major Anna Voeikova.

In the Patriotic War of 1812, a resident of the village died - a militiaman Filippov Sergey Afanasevich, 25 years old, his son Platon remained ^[5] .

In 1848, part of the population of the village belonged to V. G. Ryumin . Vasily Gavrilovich on the basis of a decree of February 20, 1803 freed his peasants from serfdom. For the release, the peasants paid a ransom and accepted the payment of a debt to the Moscow Board of Trustees on a loan from Ryumin ^[27] .

According to the 10th revision of 1858, the village belonged to Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov , bailiff Ekaterina Nikolaevna Fon-Brunova and Moscow Golitsyn Hospital ^[28] . According to the information of 1859, Pogostishchi is the state and property village of the 1st camp of the Yegoryevsky district on the left side of the Kasimovsky highway, near the Pre river ^[6] . At the time of the abolition of serfdom, the owners of the peasants of the village were the landowner Razvodovskaya, Moscow Golitsyn Hospital, Prince Yusupov and the landowner Fon-Brunova, in addition, some of the peasants were state (former V. G. Ryumin) ^[29] .

1861-1917

After the reform of 1861, five rural societies were formed from the peasants of the village, which became part of the Lekinsky volost ^[29] .

In 1885, statistical material was collected on the economic situation of villages and communities in the Yegoryevsky district ^[30] . The largest in the village was a community of state peasants settled on their own lands (94 out of 161 people) ^[31] . The community had a land tenure, the land was divided backyards back in 1843. All householders redeemed their allotments. Allotment land was in the same boundary. Distant stripes were a quarter versts from the village. Arable land was divided into 50 plots. The length of shower strips is from 15 to 100 fathoms , and the width is from 2 to 3 arshins . The soils were sandy, silty and loamy. Arable land is flat, but low. The meadows are mostly hummocky, but there were also field meadows. The runs were comfortable. In the community there was only firewood that grew on the site of the former pasture. Peasants drowned wood from their forest. Most of the men were fishing; there was one local carpenter. Women knitted fishing nets, some of them also engaged in fishing, one woman was a worker. 13 carpenters went mainly to Moscow to earn money ^[32] .

In the community of peasants, the former Moscow Golitsinsky hospital, there were 20 people ^[31] . The land tenure was communal, the land divided according to audit souls . There has been no redistribution of arable land and mowing since the receipt of the allotment, each year only field meadows were divided. The allotment land consisted of 2 plots - near the villages of Lekoy and Simontsevo. Distant stripes were 2 miles from the village. Arable land was divided into 27 plots. The length of shower strips is from 2.5 to 7 fathoms, and the width is from 2 to 4 arshins. There was not enough land, and 2 householders rented 3 tithes of the meadow for 15 rubles. The soils were sandy, silty and loamy. Arable land is flat, but partially flat. Meadows are swampy and hummocky. The runs were comfortable. The community did not have forest, so the peasants had to buy firewood. The men were fishing, in addition there was one bilge. Women knitted fishing nets and also engaged in fishing, one woman was a worker. 2 carpenters went to work ^[33] .

The peasants who were Von Brunova (17 people ^[31] ) also had communal tenure, and the land was divided according to revision souls. Men and women engaged in fishing, in addition, women knitted fishing nets, one woman was a worker. Six carpenters went to work in Moscow, Vohnu and other places ^[34] .

In the community of peasants former Razvodovskaya there were 15 people ^[31] . The land tenure was communal, the land was divided by workers. The redistribution of arable land and mowing occurred as necessary without determining the term. The allotment land consisted of 2 plots - one near the village, another near the village of Simontsevo. Distant stripes were half a mile from the village. Arable land was divided into 39 plots. The length of shower strips is from 3 to 12 fathoms, and the width is from 4 to 6 fathoms. One householder rented 1 tithe of meadow for 5 rubles. The soils were sandy, silty and loamy. Arable land is flat, but low. The meadows are hummocky. The runs were comfortable. The community did not have forest, so the peasants had to buy firewood. Men were engaged in fishing, in addition there was one landlord of the Yamsky station and one shepherd. Women knitted fishing nets and one was a worker. 3 carpenters went to work in Moscow ^[7] .

In the community of peasants, former Prince Yusupov, there were only 3 householders (15 people, 6 men, 9 women) ^[31] . Land tenure was communal. The land was divided in 1882 between the two householders equally. The third householder did not have a yard and refused to take land. Allotment land was in the same boundary. Distant stripes were half a mile from the village. Arable land was divided into 19 plots. The length of shower strips is from 15 to 20 fathoms, and the width is from 2 to 3 fathoms. Both householders rented 3.5 tithes of the meadow for 20 rubles. The soils were sandy, silty and loamy. Arable land is flat, but low and moist. There were no meadows and forests. Peasants had to buy firewood. Men and women engaged in fishing, in addition, women knitted fishing nets, one man was a village clerk. 2 carpenters went to work ^[34] .

The village was part of the parish of the village of Sheino (Kazan), the nearest school was in the same place, as well as in the village of Leke . In the village itself there was a pruning pin and a brick factory. In the village there were 8 wells with good and constant water. His bread was not enough, so he was bought in the villages of Spas-Klepiki and Dmitrovsky Pogost ^[29] . Peasants planted rye, oats, buckwheat and potatoes ^[35] . The peasants had 15 horses, 49 cows, 137 sheep, 40 pigs, there were no fruit trees, they did not keep bees. The huts were built of wood, covered with wood and iron, drowned in white ^[36] .

According to the data of 1905, there was a cotton-browning establishment in the village. The main latrine industry was carpentry. The nearest post office and zemstvo hospital were in the village of Arkhangelsk ^[8] .

1917-1991

In 1919, the village of Pogostishche as part of the Lekinsky volost was transferred from the Yegoryevsky district to the newly formed Spas-Klepikovsky district of the Ryazan province. In 1921, the Spas-Klepikovsky district was transformed into the Spas-Klepikovsky district, which was abolished in 1924. After the abolition of the Spas-Klepikovsky district, the village was transferred to the Ryazan district of the Ryazan province ^[37] . In 1925 there was an enlargement of volosts, as a result of which the village ended up in an enlarged Arkhangelsk volost ^[38] . During the reform of the administrative-territorial division of the USSR in 1929, the village became part of the Dmitrovsky district of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky district of the Moscow region ^[39] . In 1930 the districts were abolished, and the Dmitrovsky district was renamed Korobovsky ^[40] .

In 1930, the village of Pogostishche was part of the Lekinsky Village Council of the Korobovsky District of the Moscow Region ^[41] . In the early 30s in the village was organized collective farm named. March 8. Famous collective farm chairmen: Titov (1933-1937), Bagrov V.A. (1946-1948) ^[5] . Children from the village of Pogostishche attended a school located in the village of Leke ^[42] . In the late 1930s, four villagers became victims of political repression : Danilov Petr Yakovlevich, Titov Vasily Stepanovich, Fonin Ivan Yakovlevich and Fonin Nikolai Ivanovich ^[43] .

During World War II , 19 villagers were drafted into the army. Of these, 3 people were killed, 6 were missing. Six natives of the village were awarded military orders and medals:

• Babkin Nikolay Dmitrievich (born in 1921) - was drafted in 1941, served as a private soldier in the 718th rifle regiment of the 139th rifle division , was demobilized by wounds in 1943, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the medal "For victory over Germany ” ;
• Bagrov Vasily Alexandrovich (b. 1913) - served in the 33rd Special Purpose Engineering and Technical Brigade, was discharged in 1945, was awarded the Order of the Red Star , medals “For Courage” , “For the Defense of Moscow” , “For the Capture of Konigsberg " And" For the victory over Germany ";
• Nikolai Petrovich Barskov (born 1909) - was drafted in 1941, served in the 15th separate carpentry battalion, was discharged in 1945 as a junior sergeant, and was awarded the medals “For the Defense of Moscow” and “For the Victory over Germany”;
• Basov Ivan Frolovich (b. 1925) - drafted in 1943, served as an ordinary, demobilized in 1948, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree and the medal "For Victory over Germany";
• Makarov Mikhail Petrovich (b. 1923) - was awarded the Order of the Red Star , the Order of Glory of the III degree and the medal "For Courage";
• Titova Klavdia Andreyevna (b. 1923) - drafted in 1942, served as a private in the 1735th anti-aircraft artillery regiment of the 523rd artillery division, was discharged in 1945, was awarded the medal "For the victory over Germany" ^[44] .

In 1951, the collective farms were enlarged, as a result of which the village of Pogostishche entered the collective farm “Ilyich's Way” ^[45] . In 1960, the Pyshlitsky state farm was created, which included all the neighboring villages, including Pogostishche ^[45] .

On June 3, 1959, the Korobovsky district was abolished, the Lekinsky Village Council was transferred to the Shatursky District. From the end of 1962 to the beginning of 1965, Pogostishche was part of the Yegoryevsky enlarged rural area , created during the failed reform of the administrative-territorial division , after which the village as part of the Lekinsky Village Council was again transferred to the Shatursky District ^[46] .

Since 1991

In 1994, in accordance with the new regulation on local self-government in the Moscow Region, the Lekinsky Village Council was transformed into the Lekinsky Village District. In 2004, the Lekinsky rural district was abolished, and its territory was included in the Pyshlitsky rural district ^[47] . In 2005, the Pyshlitsky rural settlement was formed , which included the village of Pogostishche.

The first information about the inhabitants of the village is found in the scribe book of the Vladimir district of 1637–1648, which took into account only the tax-paying male population ( peasants and wanders ) ^[58] . In the village of Pogostishchi there were 12 courtyards, in which 37 men lived ^[4] .

In censuses for 1790, 1812, 1858 (X revision), 1859 and 1868, only peasants were taken into account. The number of households and residents: in 1790 - 29 households, 63 men, 57 women; in 1812-200 people ^[5] ; in 1850 - 21 courtyards ^[59] ; in 1858 - 67 men., 63 women. ^[60] ; in 1859 - 22 yards, 67 husband., 69 wives. ^[6] ; in 1868 - 23 yards, 68 husband., 74 wives. ^[61]

In 1885, a broader statistical review was made. 161 peasants lived in the village (23 households, 80 men, 81 women), out of 36 householders 13 did not have their own home ^[62] . In addition, in the village lived 1 family, not assigned to peasant society (1 man and 1 woman, had their own yard) ^[63] . In 1885, literacy among the peasants of the village was 12% (20 out of 161 people), there were also 7 students (5 boys and 2 girls) ^[31] .

In 1905, 171 people lived in the village (24 yards, 88 men, 83 women) ^[8] . From the second half of the 20th century, the number of villagers was gradually decreasing: in 1970 - 34 yards, 124 people .; in 1993 - 27 yards, 30 people. ^[64] ; in 2002 - 19 people. (4 men., 15 women.) ^[65] .

According to the 2010 census , 13 people lived in the village (3 men, 10 women), of which 5 were of working age, 7 were older than able-bodied, and 1 was younger than able-bodied ^[66] . The villagers by nationality are mostly Russian (89% according to the 2002 census ^[65] ).

The village was part of the Leckinsky dialect , described by academician A. A. Shakhmatov in 1914 ^[67] . Some features of dialect are still found in the speech of the older generation ^[68] .

The nearest trading enterprises, a culture center and the operating cash desk of Sberbank of Russia are located in the village of Pyshlitsy . The nearest library is in the village of Leka . Medical services for the villagers are provided by the feldsher-midwife station in Lek, the Pyshlitsky dispensary, the Korobovskaya district hospital and the Shatursky central district hospital. The nearest emergency department is located in Dmitrovsky Pogost ^[69] . The villagers receive secondary education at the Pyshlitsa secondary school ^[70] .

Fire safety in the village is provided by fire departments No. 275 (fire stations in the village of Dmitrovsky Pogost and the village of Yevlevo ) ^[71] and No. 295 (fire stations in the village of the sanatorium "Lake White" and the village of Pyshlitsy) ^[72] .

The village is electrified and gasified ^[73] . There is no central water supply, the need for fresh water is provided by public and private wells .

For burial of the deceased, villagers usually use a cemetery located near the village. Until the middle of the 20th century, the Kazan Church was located next to the cemetery, the parish of which included the village of Pogostishche.

2.5 km to the west of the village there is a paved public road Dubasovo-Pyatnitsa-Pestovskaya ^[74] , which has a stopping point for Leka shuttle buses. In the village of Staro-Cherkasovo there is a stopping point "Cherkasovo". There are buses from the Leka stop to the city of Shatura and Krivandino station (route No. 27) ^[75] , as well as to the city of Moscow (route No. 327, “ Perkhurovo - Moscow (metro Vykhino )”) ^{[76] [77]} , from the Cherkasovo stop - to the village of Dmitrovsky Pogost and the village of Grishakino (route No. 40) ^[78] . The nearest railway station, Krivandino, in the Kazan direction, is 50 km away by road ^[79] .

Cellular communication ( 2G and 3G ) is available in the village, provided by Beeline ^[80] , MegaFon ^[81] and MTS ^[82] operators. The nearest post office serving the villagers is located in the village of Pyshlitsy ^[83] .

In 1939, a complex of archaeological sites was opened in the vicinity of the village. Later in 1956, the archaeological expedition of the Moscow Regional Museum, led by L. I. Pimakin, excavated the monument ^[84] . As a result, the remains of a log house of the 12th-13th centuries, a part of the dugout of the Late Yakovsky culture and the altar of the Dyakovo culture were discovered. In the settlement of Pogostishche , stucco ceramics of the “classical Late Pryakovsky type”, ornamented by Dyakovo and Old Russian pottery, were found. In addition, Neolithic flint tools, flakes and plates, as well as Old Russian temporal rings and other jewelry, iron knives and armchairs were found. The settlement is sometimes considered as three independent monuments: the Pogostishche 1 site, the Pogostishche 2 site (Krasnaya Gorka) and the village ^[85] .

The settlement "Pogostishche" was placed under state protection in 1960 as a monument of archeology of federal significance ^[86] . Despite this, even in Soviet times, the surface of the monument was severely disturbed by the buildings of cattle and poultry yards, silos and a cellar; the southern part was plowed into gardens. In addition, the settlement was also destroyed in a natural way - as a result of erosion by Lake Dubovoy ^[85] . Subsequently, the Pogostishche sports and recreation center was arranged on the territory of the monument.

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• Collection of statistical information on the Ryazan province. Volume V. Vol. II. Egorievsky district. - Ryazan, 1887.

• Populated places of the Ryazan province / Ed. I.I. Prokhodtsova. - Ryazan, 1906.

• Handbook of administrative-territorial division of the Moscow region 1929-2004 - M .: Kuchkovo field, 2011 .-- 896 p. - 1,500 copies - ISBN 978-5-9950-0105-8 .

• Official site of the rural settlement Pyshlitskoe (Neopr.) .
• Village Pogostishche on the maps (neopr.) .