Aussem, Otto Hristianovich

Born in the family of a teacher, a descendant of the Flemings. The brother of Vladimir Aussem (1879) —after 1936), a Soviet statesman and military leader and diplomat. Even while studying at the gymnasium, he joined a revolutionary circle. After graduating from the Oryol Gymnasium in 1893, he entered the Imperial Moscow University , but was expelled for participating in student unrest in connection with the death of Alexander III . In 1894 - a student at the University of St. Vladimir in Kiev . For participation in a student gathering, which he led, expelled and in 1897 he was expelled to the White Church .

Active participant in revolutionary activities in Kiev, agitator, head of workers' circles. In 1898 he entered studies at St. George's University . The following year he was arrested by the police and in 1900 he was exiled to a three-year exile in Yarensk ( Vologda province ). In 1901 he was transferred to Vologda , where he worked as a zemstvo statistician .

After exile in 1903 he continued his revolutionary activities in various places of Russia. After the split, the RSDLP joined the Mensheviks .

In 1904 - the organizer and leader of the workers' circles in the Donbass in Yuzovka. He was in an illegal situation.

In 1905, Mr .. - Agent of the Central Committee of the party, led the transfer across the Galician border of the revolutionary illegal newspaper Iskra , in June 1905 - was elected a member of the committee of the Warsaw Military Revolutionary Organization of the RSDLP. Then - the editor of the social-democratic newspaper “Bell” in Poltava .

In 1906, again, as an agent of the Central Committee, he was sent to Warsaw, where he worked in a military organization. At the end of 1906 he was arrested in the case of the Warsaw Military Organization and after the trial in 1908 sentenced to 4 years of hard labor. He served his sentence in the Yaroslavl penitentiary prison, after which he was exiled to the river. Lena in the Irkutsk province . He fled from the link to the Coal Mines of the Transbaikal Region .

After the February Revolution, he was elected Chairman of the Chita Council of Workers and Peasants' Deputies, conducted Soviet and party work in Chita, Blagoveshchensk and Nikolaevsk-on-Amur .

Member of the civil war. The organizer of partisan detachments to fight Kolchak . Member of the revolutionary military headquarters operating in the territory of Transbaikalia, Amur and Primorsky Regions, in 1920 I am proud to be the chairman of the Nikolaev-Amur Regional Committee of the RCP (b) . In the spring of 1921 he was elected chairman of the party conference of the Far Eastern Republic .

Later, due to illness, he moved to Crimea , worked as secretary of the Yalta District Party Committee (1922) and as the head of communal services.

Since 1923 - at diplomatic work abroad, he was a representative of the People's Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR in Berlin and Prague , then in 1924 - deputy USSR plenipotentiary in Berlin and plenipotentiary in Prague. Since the fall of 1924 - Consul General of the USSR in Paris , then in Milan .

He is the author of a number of scientific works, including the “Survey of Peasant Agriculture and Handicrafts in the Vologda Province” (1903), the book “History of Socialism” (Berlin, 1922), etc.

Party nicknames - Andrei Long, Martyn, Gromov, Bark, Alexander Sventoslavsky.

The urn with its ashes was buried in Moscow, at the New Donskoy cemetery , in the former main building of the Donskoy crematorium (hall 5, section 6).

• Encyclopedic Dictionary “Pomegranate” “Figures of the USSR and the Revolutionary Movement of Russia”, “Pomegranate”, vol. 41, part 3, appendix. 291-292 (Autobiography of O. H. Aussem). 1927