South Octo Dialects

In the South Occitan dialectal area include ^[1] :

• Languedoc dialect :
  • Northern Spokes ( Ruerg , Zhevodan , Oriliac );
  • Oriental dialects (Bizerua dialect, Montpellier , Cevennes );
  • Western dialects (dialects of Agen , Quercy , Albizhoua );
  • The southern dialects (the dialects of Toulouse , Foix , Donezane, Narbonne ).
• Provencal dialect :
  • Rhone (Nizhneronsky) dialects (the basis of the Provencal literary norm);
  • Seaside dialects;
  • Nice dialects (including Briga Alta and Olivetta San Michele in Italy );
  • Shuadit (the extinct dialects of the Jews of the historical region of Comt-Venezsen ).

The division of the dialect areas of the Occitan language (especially the southern area) is based more on historical and geographical than on structural and typological principles. Identifying the boundaries of dialect groups and especially individual dialects that would be based on bundles of isogloss language features is made difficult by the features of the linguistic landscape of the Occitan language, therefore the boundaries of the dialects reflect primarily the boundaries of the historical regions of southern France.

South Octo dialects are contrasted with North Oceans. In those classifications in which the Gascon language is included in the Occitan area, the South-Octanian are contrasted to the North-Occitan and Aquitanian groups of dialects. Sometimes the Aquitanian (Gascon and Bearn) dialects are included as a subgroup in the South Occitan dialects. According to the presence of the common isogloss complex, some researchers unite the Provençal and North Ariacian dialects into an Arverno-Mediterranean group, which is opposed to the Languedoc dialect (Central Occitan). In this part of the Languedoc dialects (Toulouse, Carcassonne and Narbonne) belong to the Aquita-Pyrenean group (which includes Gascon and Catalan languages ) ^[4] .

South-Oksitan dialects are located in the southern part of the Occitan language range in the territory of the historical regions of Languedoc , Guyenne and Provence . Languedoc dialect is common in the regions of Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon . In the region of Midi-Pyrenees, the Languedoc area covers the departments of Aveyron , Lot , Tarn , Tarn and Garonne , as well as the territories of the northeastern districts of the Haute-Garonne department and the eastern districts of the Ariege department. In the region of Languedoc-Roussillon, the Languedoc dialects are spoken in the territories of the departments of Aude , Herault , Lozère , as well as in the western districts of the Gard department. In addition, the speech of the Languedoc dialect is noted in some districts of the Dordogne and Law and Garonne departments of the Aquitaine region . The Provencal dialect is distributed mainly in the southern and southwestern parts of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region - in the Bouches du Rhône , Var , Vaucluse departments , as well as in the southern regions of the Alpes-Haute-Provence department and in the western areas of the Alpes-Maritimes . In addition, the talk of the Provençal dialect is noted in the eastern districts of the Gard department of the Languedoc-Roussillon region, as well as in the Italian villages (communes) of Briga-Alta in the province of Cuneo in Piedmont and Olivetta San Michele in the province of Imperia in Liguria .

In the north, the South Occitan dialects border on the North Occitan dialects, with which they form a continuous dialectal continuum — with the Limousin in the north-west, with the Overno -like in the north, and with the vivaro-Alpine in the north-east. In the east, the South Occitan dialects (Provençal) form a gradual transition through the Menton dialects (in Menton ) to the Ligurian language . In the west, the Garonne River and its tributary Ariege divide the South Occitan (Languedoc) and Gascon areas. In the south, in Roussillon, the Southern Ocitanian area is bordered by the Catalan language area ^{[6] [7]} .

Mixed language forms of Occitan dialects and regional variants of the French language, called francitan ( French francitan ) ^{[4], are} common in the Occitan language range (including the area of ​​the South-Octian dialects).

The main language feature, according to which the southern and northern ranges of the Occitan language are divided, is the presence or absence of palatalization of G and C before the vowel A ^[8] . The palatalization of G and C is absent in the South-Occitan dialects: gal “rooster” ( lat. GALLU) ^{[~ 1]} , cantar “sing” (lat. CANTARE), etc., while in the north-occitan dialect there is palatalization, which is expressed in the presence of G and C affricate [t͡ʃ] / [t͡s] and [d͡ʒ] / [d͡z]): jalina [d͡ʒalino] "chicken" (Latin GALINA), chabra [t͡ʃabro] "goat" (Latin CAPRA) etc.

• Languages ​​of France

Comments

Sources

Lobodanov A. P. , Morozova E. V., Chelysheva I. I. The Occitan language // Languages ​​of the world: Romance languages . - M .: Academia , 2001. - 279-304 p. - ISBN 5-87444-016-X .