Ruggiero ( Italian: Ruggiero ) - an ostinate harmonic model in the music of various song and improvisational- variation genres; It was distributed mainly in Italy in the second half of the XVI and the first half of the XVII centuries.
Content
- 1 General characteristics
- 2 notes
- 3 See also
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
General characteristics
The origin of the name of this model is mysterious. According to the American musicologist Alfred Einstein [1] , the name is due to the incipitation of one of the stanzas of “Frantic Roland” by L. Ariosto (“Ruggier, qual sempre fui, tal esser voglio”; XLIV.61), which was probably put on music and received widespread oral circulation. Since this music has not been preserved, it is impossible to determine the stable melodic formula of Ruggiero; however, there are a significant number of (author's and anonymous) tunes written on a stable harmonic Ruggiero model.
This model is written in major and takes (in modern musical decoding) 8 measures in a two- meter meter . At the end of the first half of the “period” a stop is made on the dominant, the second returns from the dominant to the tonic. The melody is characterized by splitting into four two-stroke phrases of approximately the same length. In this form, Ruggiero is captured, for example, in Diego Ortiz 's instructive work, “A Treatise on Glosses” (1553; ff.60v-61r, entitled Richercar; the theme of variations is not entitled in any way) [2] , however, it is believed that in Italian practice The Ruggiero scheme already existed in the second decade of the 16th century [3] .
In the homophonic genres of the first half of the 17th century, many composers wrote new melodies (with and without poems) on the Ruggiero model, most often under the name aria di ruggiero (ie, Aria on [Ruggero model]). Among the authors of the "arias" Sigismondo d'India (1609), A. Brunelli (1613), A. Cifra (1615, 1617, 1619). Instrumental music on Ruggiero (in the genres of toccata, partitas, capriccio, ricercara, etc.) was written by J. de Mac , J. Frescobaldi ( partite sopra Ruggiero , in various collections), J.M.A. Trabachi , T. Merula, I.I. Kapsberger , B. Storace . Sonatas on Ruggiero ( Italian: Sonate sopra Ruggiero ) were written by S. Rossi and J.B. Baumenta
Notes
- ↑ Einstein A. Die Aria di Ruggiero // SIMG 13 (1911–12), SS / 444–54.
- ↑ For a transcript, see: Diego Ortiz . Tratado de glosas <...> hrsg. v. Max Schneider. Kassel, 1936, S.134.
- ↑ A summary of six different Ruggiero trebles and seven different Ruggiero basses, written in a single harmonic pattern, is given (according to musical memoirs of the 16th – 17th centuries) by J. Ward in the article “Ruggiero” ( MGG , Bd. 11, S. 1086).
See also
- Romanesque
- Passamezzo
- Folia
Literature
- Apfel E. Entwurf eines Verzeichnisses aller Ostinato-Stücke zu Grundlagen einer Geschichte der Satztechnik, III // Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Frühgeschichte des Ostinato in der komponierten Mehrstimmigkeit. Saarbrücken, 1977.
- Gerbino G., Silbiger A. Ruggiero // The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London New York, 2001.