Toparchy ( Greek τοπαρχία - regional government, region from Greek τόποό - locality, place, region + Greek. Η͂ςρχῆς, ἀρχή - administration, government) [1] [2] [3] - administrative-territorial unit in Egypt in the Greek Roman period, in the Achaemenid state .
Historical Information
- The Greek term was transferred by the Ptolemies to Egypt. Nomes in Hellenistic Egypt were divided into toparchies ruled by toparchs. Toparchies themselves were divided into smaller units - villages (comas), ruled by komarkhs. Administrative division was carried out in the same way as in the nomes [4] [5] . Toparchs were required to engage in tax collection (which included in-kind tax and payments), its storage and transportation to the nomes. In addition to the toparch, there was also a topogramtevs (scribe of the toparchy) - his duties included doing the accounting and statistical work [6] .
- The term is used by researchers in relation to the Achaemenid kingdom. According to them, in the Achaemenid state, the toparchies were military administrative units. The state was divided into toparchies, among which was a separate toparchy - Asia Minor . It is assumed that at Xerxes I there were seven toparchies, and at Artaxerxes I only four [7] [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Complete Church Slavonic Dictionary. G. Dyachenko st. 726
- ↑ Ancient Greek-Russian Dvoretsky dictionary / 19
- ↑ Ancient Greek-Russian Dvoretsky dictionary / 127
- ↑ Toparchy // Soviet historical encyclopedia / Chapters. ed. E.M. Zhukov. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - T. 14. - P. 312-313.
- ↑ Leveque P. The Hellenistic World. - M .: Science, 1989. - p. 48-49.
- ↑ Kuznetsov D. V. Hellenistic Egypt: main tendencies of development at the end of IV - second third of I cc. BC er - Blagoveshchensk: Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, 2005. - p. 84-85.
- ↑ Dandamaev MA, Lukonin V. G. Culture and economy of ancient Iran. - M .: Science, 1980. - p. 228.
- ↑ Rung E. V. Tissafern and the Hydarnides in the context of the political history of the Achaemenid Empire in the Vth century. BC er // Bulletin of ancient history. - 2012. - № 1. - p. 20-21.
Literature
- Dandamaev MA, Lukonin VG Culture and Economy of Ancient Iran. - M .: Science, 1980. - 418 p.
- Kuznetsov D. V. Hellenistic Egypt: main development trends at the end of the 4th - the second third of the 1st cc. BC er - Blagoveshchensk: Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, 2005. - 196 p.
- Leveque P. Hellenistic world. - M .: Science, 1989. - 252 p.
- Popov A. A. The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. - SPb .: St. Petersburg University, 2008. - 240 p.
- Rung E. V. Tissafern and the Hydarnides in the context of the political history of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century. BC er // Bulletin of ancient history. - 2012. - № 1. - p. 16—39.
- Sventsitskaya I.S. Socio-economic features of the Hellenistic states. - M .: Higher School, 1963. - 63 p.
- Toparchy // Soviet historical encyclopedia / Chapters. ed. E.M. Zhukov. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - T. 14. - P. 312-313.