Tianhe 2

Tianhe-2
Tianhe-2
Activity	since 2013
Sponsors	National University of Defense Technology ( People's Republic of China )
Location	Guangzhou , PRC
Architecture	Intel Xeon , Xeon Phi , Kylin Linux OS
Power	17.6 MW (24 MW with cooling system)
Space	720 m²
RAM	1375 TB (1000 TB connected to the CPU and 375 TB to the coprocessors)
Memorable; device	12.4 pb
Performance	33.86 P flops (linpack); 54.9 Pflops (theoretical peak)
Ranking	TOP500 : 1 (November 2013)

Tianhe-2 ( Chinese trade. 天河二號 , ex. 天河二号 , pinyin : Tiānhé-2 , literally: “Milky Way-2”) is a supercomputer designed by the Defense Scientific and Technical University of the People’s Liberation Army of the People’s Republic of China and by Inspur .

While the supercomputer is located at the PLA Defense Science and Technology University, but later it will be installed at the National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou . At first it was planned to finish the project in 2015, but it was possible to launch it ahead of schedule.

Tianhe-2 took first place in the TOP500 ranking of world supercomputers in June 2013 ^[2] ^[3] , but lost the lead after the launch of Sunway TaihuLight . The supercomputer achieved a result of more than 33.8 Pflops in the HPL Linpack test (33.8 * 10 ¹⁵ operations per second), its theoretical peak performance is about 54.9 Pflops ^[4] .

Content

Description

Tianhe-2 consists of 16 thousand nodes, each of which includes 2 Intel Xeon E5-2692 processors based on Ivy Bridge architecture with 12 cores each (frequency 2.2 GHz) and 3 specialized Intel Xeon Phi 31S1P coprocessors (based on Intel MIC architecture, according to 57 cores per accelerator, frequency 1.1 GHz, passive cooling). Each node has 64 GB (16 modules) of DDR3 ECC memory type and an additional 8 GB GDDR5 in each Xeon Phi (88 GB in total). In total, the number of computing cores reaches 3.12 million (384 thousand Ivy Bridge and 2736 thousand Xeon Phi), which is the largest public installation of such processors.

Each node occupies half the motherboard (Compute blade), 8 boards are installed in one chassis ( Compute frame ). The rack on each side contains 4 chassis, the supercomputer uses 125 racks with computing nodes, 13 racks with network equipment and 24 racks of the data storage system. The performance of one node reaches 3.432 teraflops, of which 0.422 teraflops - due to Ivy Bridge processors.

In addition to Intel components, the Chinese computer is also used in the supercomputer: TH-Express 2 optoelectric network ( Fat tree topology ), Galaxy FT-1500 16-core processors (4096 units, Sparc v9 architecture , 40 nm, 1.8 GHz), programming model OpenMC, high density motherboards.

Used by Kylin Linux OS . Available languages and technologies: Fortran, C, C ++, Java, OpenMP , MPI 3.0 ( MPICH2 3.0.4, GLEX channels).

The storage system has a capacity of 12.4 PB and uses a hybrid file system H2FS .

According to media estimates, the creation of a supercomputer cost about 200-300 million dollars ^[5] .

Electricity consumption by a supercomputer is estimated at 17.8 MW ^[4] ^[5] .

Planned update in 2015

Sun Yat-sen University and Guangzhou County planned to double the size of the system during 2015 (to 110 theoretical PFlops), however, at the beginning of 2015, the US government refused an Intel request to provide an export license for central processors and coprocessors for this project; Also, the developers of the computer were included in the list of mandatory consideration (licensing) of each delivery under US export law in connection with the suspicion of their participation in the development of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear) ^[6] .

According to the analysis of the Wall Street Journal , such government actions will not only hit Intel and its sales, but also accelerate the development of China's own processors and technologies ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] . The next Chinese supercomputer, introduced in the summer of 2016, Sunway TaihuLight , was built using ShenWei SW26010 processors developed in China.

As of November 2015, the supercomputer was declared in the Top500 rating in a configuration that coincided with the original ^[4] .

Notes

↑ China's Tianhe-2 Supercomputer Maintains Top Spot on List of World's TOP500 Supercomputers (neopr.) . TOP500 (November 18, 2013). Date of treatment November 18, 2015.
↑ The Top 500 List: June 2013 (Neopr.) . Date of treatment July 10, 2014.
↑ Davey Alba . China's Tianhe-2 Caps Top 10 Supercomputers , IEEE Spectrum (June 17, 2013). Date of treatment June 19, 2013.
↑ ¹ ² ³ TIANHE-2 (MILKYWAY-2) - TH-IVB-FEP CLUSTER, INTEL XEON E5-2692 12C 2.200GHZ, TH EXPRESS-2, INTEL XEON PHI 31S1P (English) . TOP500. - Supercomputer card. Date of treatment November 20, 2015.
↑ ¹ ² Enter the Dragon: The Chinese superputer set to win the Top500 crown. Full specs on the 17-megawatt 'Sky River' // The Register, Timothy Prickett Morgan, June 10, 2013: “Everyone is talking about it costing between $ 200m and $ 300m”
↑ 8524 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 32 / Wednesday, February 18, 2015 / Rules and Regulations // DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security15 CFR Part 744 [Docket No. 141230999-4999-01] RIN 0694-AG46 “Addition of Certain Persons to the Entity List;” ... “The ERC determined that the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), the National Supercomputing Center in Changsha (NSCC-CS), National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou (NSCC-GZ), and the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin (NSCC-TJ), .. NUDT has used US-origin multicores, boards, and (co) processors to produce the TianHe-1A and TianHe-2 supercomputers .. are believed to be used in nuclear explosive activities asdescribed in § 744.2 (a) of the EAR. ”
↑ Don Clark . US Agencies Block Technology Exports for Supercomputer in China, Wall Street Journal tech (April 9, 2015). Date of treatment April 9, 2015.
↑ UNCLE SAM SHOCKS INTEL WITH A BAN ON XEON SUPERCOMPUTERS IN CHINA (English) , VRWorld (APRIL 7, 2015). Date of treatment April 10, 2015.
↑ The United States decided to stop the Chinese supercomputer from building nuclear weapons , Lenta.ru (April 9, 2015). Date of treatment April 10, 2015.

Literature

Dongarra, Jack (June 3, 2013). “Visit to the National University for Defense Technology Changsha, China” (PDF). Netlib (eng.)
Perspective Features of Tianhe-2 // Open Systems, No. 08, 2013
MilkyWay-2 supercomputer: system and application. Xiangke LIAO, Liquan XIAO, Canqun YANG, Yutong LU. Front Comput. Sci., 2014, 8 (3): 345-356 DOI: 10.1007 / s11704-014-3501-3 (September 6, 2013)
Liao XK, Pang ZB, Wang KF et al. High performance interconnect network for Tianhe system. JOURNAL OF COMPUTERSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 30 (2): 259-272 Mar. 2015. DOI: 10.1007 / s11390-015-1520-7 (November 30, 2014)

Links

China's Tianhe-2 Supercomputer Takes No. 1 Ranking on 41st TOP500 List // TOP500, 2013-06-17
Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) - TH-IVB-FEP Cluster - description on the Top500 website
The Chinese supercomputer was recognized as the most powerful in the world , Lenta.ru (June 17, 2013). Date of treatment June 17, 2013.
Overview of Tianhe2 System and Applications , Yutong Lu, National University of Defense Technology, China. Russian Supercomputer Days, september 2015 (English)

[1] China's Tianhe-2 Supercomputer Maintains Top Spot on List of World's TOP500 Supercomputers (neopr.) . TOP500 (November 18, 2013). Date of treatment November 18, 2015.

[Top500-jun2013-2] The Top 500 List: June 2013 (Neopr.) . Date of treatment July 10, 2014.

[IEEE-3] Davey Alba . China's Tianhe-2 Caps Top 10 Supercomputers , IEEE Spectrum (June 17, 2013). Date of treatment June 19, 2013.

[top500-th2-system-4] ¹ ² ³ TIANHE-2 (MILKYWAY-2) - TH-IVB-FEP CLUSTER, INTEL XEON E5-2692 12C 2.200GHZ, TH EXPRESS-2, INTEL XEON PHI 31S1P (English) . TOP500. - Supercomputer card. Date of treatment November 20, 2015.

[thereg130610-th2-5] ¹ ² Enter the Dragon: The Chinese superputer set to win the Top500 crown. Full specs on the 17-megawatt 'Sky River' // The Register, Timothy Prickett Morgan, June 10, 2013: “Everyone is talking about it costing between $ 200m and $ 300m”

[6] 8524 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 32 / Wednesday, February 18, 2015 / Rules and Regulations // DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security15 CFR Part 744 [Docket No. 141230999-4999-01] RIN 0694-AG46 “Addition of Certain Persons to the Entity List;” ... “The ERC determined that the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), the National Supercomputing Center in Changsha (NSCC-CS), National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou (NSCC-GZ), and the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin (NSCC-TJ), .. NUDT has used US-origin multicores, boards, and (co) processors to produce the TianHe-1A and TianHe-2 supercomputers .. are believed to be used in nuclear explosive activities asdescribed in § 744.2 (a) of the EAR. ”

[Wall_Street_Journal-7] Don Clark . US Agencies Block Technology Exports for Supercomputer in China, Wall Street Journal tech (April 9, 2015). Date of treatment April 9, 2015.

[8] UNCLE SAM SHOCKS INTEL WITH A BAN ON XEON SUPERCOMPUTERS IN CHINA (English) , VRWorld (APRIL 7, 2015). Date of treatment April 10, 2015.

[lenta-2015-04-09-ban-9] The United States decided to stop the Chinese supercomputer from building nuclear weapons , Lenta.ru (April 9, 2015). Date of treatment April 10, 2015.