Baba Kukhi Shirazi (the full name of Sheikh Abu Abdullah Mohammad ibn Abdullah ibn Obaydallah Bakuya Shirazi [1] , was also known under the name of Ibn Bakuya [1] , Bakuvi , Bakuya and Nishapuri ) - Persian [2] [3] Sufi [3] half of the X — first quarter of the XI century.
Baba Kuhi Shirazi | |
---|---|
Aliases | Baba Kuhi |
Full name | Abu Abdullah Mohammed ibn Abdullah |
Date of Birth | 948 |
Place of Birth | Baku or Shiraz |
Date of death | 1037 or 1051 |
Place of death | |
Occupation | poet , philosopher |
Direction | Sufism |
Genre | poems, aphorisms, hadiths |
Language of Works | Persian |
Life and creativity
Despite the many references to him in Sufi literature, almost nothing is known about the life of Baba Kuhi. According to M. Casheff, he was probably born in Shiraz , where, still young, he met the famous mystic Abu Abdullah Mohammad ibn Qafif and the Arab poet Mutannabi [1] . According to the Azerbaijani Soviet historian Sarah Ashurbeyli , Baba Kukhi Bakuvi was born in 948 in Baku in the family of a theologian. According to Ashurbeyli, his first father was his first teacher [4] .
As Kascheff notes, Baba Kukhi traveled extensively in search of stories relating to Sufi sheikhs and their sayings . During these journeys, he became acquainted with the largest Sufis of his time, among whom Sheikh Abu Said Abi-l Qayr and Abu-l Qasim Abd al-Karim Kosairi [1] . Initially, Bakuvi, as Ashurbeyli noted, was a follower of the zahirites , and later became a batinite . Having left Baku in his old age, Bakuvi settled in a cave on a mountain, where he led a recluse lifestyle. Bakuvi traveled a lot, visited Iran, Central Asia, Arabia, and, according to Sarah Ashurbeyli , in India. After graduating from wandering, Bakuvi settled in Nishapur and Shiraz [4] . According to M. Cacheff, in 1035, Baba Kukhi was in Nishapur , but eventually returned to Shiraz and retired to a cave on the mountain (now called Baba Kukhi) north of the city. There he soon died in old age and was buried in 1037 [1] . According to researcher Solmaz Rzakulizade, Bakuvi died in 1051 [5] .
Bakuvi wrote his poems under the pseudonym Baba Kukhi , which means “an old man living in the mountains” [4] , which Kascheff supposes is a common change of the name of Ibn Bakui. For the first time this name is mentioned by the poet Saadi [1] . Nisba is usually associated with the place of birth or death of a person, or with a long stay in this place, so in the case of Koohi there is a triple nisba. Azerbaijani researcher Solmaz Rzakulizade also considers Baku to be the birthplace of Baba Kukhi. And although not a single source says about where Kukhi was born, all, calling his name, define his nisbu as Bakuya Shirazi , occasionally adding Nishapuri . Arabic sources gave Nisbu Bakuvi in four versions - Bakuya , Baku , ibn Bakuya and ibn Baku . The appearance of the nisba Shirazi Solmaz Rzakulizadeh explains that for a long time in Shiraz Kukhi was a student of ibn Hafif [6] . Abul-Abbas Zerkub Shirazi, referring to Kukhi among the Shiraz followers of Ibn Hafif in his Shiraz-name, calls him "more famous" as Bakuvi. In this regard, Bakuvi’s explanation is explained only as indicating the place of birth. This assumption is also supported by the fact that in Bakuvi, according to Rzakulizade, was the brother of the philosopher and theologian Pir Huseyn Shirvani [7] .
Faqr al-Zamani conveys the legend that the young poet Hafiz , then mocked by compatriots because of not the best poetry, held a prayer at the tomb of Baba Kuhi for three nights. According to legend, on the third night, Imam Ali visited him, who gave him a celestial cup, thus opening the doors of all knowledge for Hafiz and endowing him with the gift of poetry [1] .
Bakuvi was Shiite , but since his worldview was influenced by the cult of fire and sun worship, Sarah Ashurbeyli noted that he could not be considered a true Muslim [4] .
Of the works, the Bedaiat al-Hallaj wa nehayatohu was preserved. Samani also mentions Ketaq Macamat al-Mashayek. The Persian sofa attributed to him, as Kazvini correctly argued, should belong to a mediocre poet of a later time, probably of the XVII century, whose pseudonym Kukhi, obviously, was the cause of incorrect attribution [1] . Baba Kukhi developed the symbolic language of Sufism, its main genre gazelle . He intertwines the motifs of traditional lyric literature with the ideas of Muslim theology [8] . The works of Bakuvi, according to Ashurbeyli, consist of a collection of hadith , a collection of Sufi life, Akhbar al-arifin, Akhbar al-gafilin, and a collection of poems and aphorisms. Among the prominent medieval scholars from Shirvan , Bakuvi is mentioned by the Azerbaijani scholar Abbas-Kuli-agha Bakikhanov [4] .
In the early 1990s, a mosque was discovered as a result of archeological excavations near the Maiden's Tower in Baku, which, according to the opinion of Azerbaijani archaeologist Farhad Ibrahimov, Baba Kukhi, was discovered [9] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bābā Kūhī - article from Encyclopædia Iranica . M. Kasheff
- ↑ Nicholas Arseniev . Revelation of Life Eternal: An Introduction to the Christian Message. - St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1964. " So also for the world of my own, transfigured by his experience of God ... "
- ↑ Craig A. Lockard. Societies, Networks, and Transitions, Volume I: To 1500: A Global History. - 3. - Cengage Learning, 2014. - P. 230.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ashurbeyli S. B. Essay on the history of medieval Baku, VIII-early XIX centuries. - B .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan USSR, 1964. - P. 169. - 333 p.
- ↑ Rzakulizade, 1978 , p. 7
- ↑ Rzakulizade, 1978 , p. 30-31.
- ↑ Rzakulizade, 1978 , p. 31.
- ↑ Baba Kukhi Shirazi / M.L. Reisner // Ankylosis - Bank. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - P. 617. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, v. 2). - ISBN 5-85270-330-3 .
- ↑ Monuments of National Importance (inaccessible link) . The official website of the Office of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve Icheri-Shekher .. Date of circulation February 16, 2017. Archived January 1, 2012.
Bibliography
- Bertels E.E. Baba Kukhi. Preface to the publication of "Sofa". Selected Works of Sufis and Sufi Literature. M., 1965.
- Rzakulizade S.J. Baba Kukhi Bakuvi Worldview. - B .: Elm, 1978. - 93 p.
Links
- Baba Kukhi Shirazi / M.L. Reisner // Ankylosis - Bank. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - P. 617. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, v. 2). - ISBN 5-85270-330-3 .