Sultan Valad

Born on April 24, 1226 in the city of Lorinda, Asia Minor (modern Turkey ), in the family of Jalaladdin Rumi from his wife Gavkharhatun - the daughter of the Khorasan emigrant Sharafuddin Lolo Samarkandi.

Sultan Valad received his primary education in childhood from his father. Then he was a student of Shams Tabrezi and learned from him the basics of Sufism . A little later, he became a student of Sheikh Salahuddin Zarkub. The contribution of Hisamuddin Chalabi is also great in his upbringing. For 7 years later, the son of Rumi was a student of Sheikh Karimuddin (d. November 1292) - the son of Bektemur. But information about this apprenticeship of the Sultan Valad in sources remained very little. According to some information, his relationship with Sheikh Karim was similar to that of Shams and Rumi, and therefore, fearing his surroundings, Sultanvalad kept this relationship secret, so that Shams would not repeat his fate, he did not introduce Karim to his friends. The reason for the unknown name of the Sheikh is associated with this fact.

Sultanvalad also studied for a while in Shama ( Syria ) - in the city of Halaba ( Aleppo ). Sultan Valad until the last days of his father's life was his like-minded person, supported his ideas and accompanied him on travels. Even on the night of his father's death, he was above his bed and did not sleep. The last poem of Rumi ( Rav sar bineњ ba bolin, tango maro raњo kun - Go, go to bed, just leave me alone), according to Aflaki, is the thinker's appeal to his son.

After the death of his father in 1273 , some friends of Rumi asked the Sultan Valad to take his place, however, due to the fact that Jalaleddin bequeathed to his friend Hisamuddin Chalabi, Valad rejected this offer. Only after the death of Khisamuddin on October 25, 1284 , did Sultan Valad become the head of the circle of disciples of his father. Sultan Valad as the head of the number of students of his father's Sufi tarik Mevlevi . The purpose of creating the order was to preserve, within a certain framework, the ideas, customs and rituals founded by Rumi. To spread the order in other regions, Sultanvalad began to appoint his caliphs. The relations of Rumi's son with the Seljukid rulers, like that of his father, were very good, so Alamuddin Kaysar provided him with material assistance in the construction of the tomb of Jalaleddin. For this reason, the Sultan Valad praised this Seljuk Sultan in his poems. In addition, Hisamuddin ibn Oyinador, who later collected a sofa of verses by the Sultan of Valad, as well as the following rulers and famous personalities of this era were praised by him: Gurdzhihatun and Mazhabuddin (wife and father of Mu'inuddin Parvona), Sahib Fahruddin Ata and Sahib A'zam Taj Husayn (Seljuk vezir and his son), Seljukhatun, Fatimahatun and Kumajkhatun (daughters and wife Kilich Arslan 1U), Khamza, Ahi Amir Haji, Khisamuddin Afsah, Sharafuddin ibn Khatiruddin, Ibn Khatiri, Almaldudin, Akmaludin Alibaldin Alibaldin Almaludin Almaldin Alibaldin Almaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Almaluddin Almaldin Alibaldin Alibaldin Ahmad, etc. Sultan the Valad also praised the Seljuk Sultan Mas'ud and asked for his help. He also had good relations with the descendants of the Mongol rulers - Samakarnavidami and praised them in his works. In addition, it is noteworthy that the thinker loved his city very much, where he was born and such places in Asia Minor as Antalya , Konye , Aksara , Kutakhiya , etc., and described and praised them in his poetry. Sultanvalad died on November 11, 1312 .

The scientific and literary heritage of Sultanwalad is of great value. He left the following works as a legacy:

1. A sofa ( Arabic: ديوان , Persian ديوان ), which consists of gazelles, casid, tarjeband, china and rubayat in the amount of 12719 beits - couplets. Most of these verses are imitations of the verses of the father, for this reason all of them in the collection are sometimes referred to as “Kitobi Munosirai Mawlono Bo Sultonvalad” (“The Book of Disputes between Rumi and Sultanvalad”). The vast majority of the verses of the sofa are written in Tajik (Persian), except for 10 gazelles that are composed in Turkish and several beits written, like Jalaleddin Rumi, in Greek.

Gazelle sample:

چون ز عشق رخ او نیست مرا هیچ قرار

آمدم باز که بینم رخ آن خوب عذار

می عشقش چو بنوشید دلم از کف جان

مست گشتم که نداندم سر خود از دستار

بدویدم بدر یار و بگفتم ای ماه

که برون آی ز پرده بنما آن رخسار

بنمود او رخ خود را که بمن بنگر لیک

طمع و طلم زنهار توهش دار و مدار

گفتم ای جان نظری کهن سوی این خسته دلم

که ز بدر رخ تو ​​همچو هلالست نزار

غیر تو هیچ کسی نیست بعالم دیگر

از سر لطف بدان دست سر بنده بخار

گفت بگذار مرا رو غم خود خور یارا

تا نگردی تو هلاک و نشوم من افکار

عاشقان رخ من خونی و رندند و دلیر

تیغ بر روت کشند از سر غیرت ناچار

گفتم ای بت غم عشقت نه چنانست که آن

برود از سر من گر بکشندم بردار

چاره خود نیست مرا از دو یکی کار اکنون

یا بوصلت برسم یا که شوم کشتهء زار

از برای تو اگر کشت شوم باکی نیست

مرگ باشد پی آن شخص که باشد بیمار

فد من گشت خمیده مثل چنگ ز غم

بنوازش نفسی گرنه شد از عشق چو تار

گر بخوانی تو بر خویش مرا وررانی

کز غم عشق تو من هیچ نگردم بیزار

تا منم زنده فغانست نصیبم بجهان

گه کنم شوی بکوی تو گهی در بازار

تاج و تختست ولد را غم عشقت صنما

فخر آرد زغلامیت و ندارد او عار

(1959).

2. “Ibtidonama” ( Persian ابتدانامه , “The Book of the Beginning”), which is the Masnavi genre, and is called by the Sultanvalad itself “Masnavia Valadi” (or “Valadnam” - “Masnavi son” or “Book of the son”), however, according to The first word of this book is usually called "Ibtidonama." This masnavi consists of 9435 bates and is completely (except for a few of its bates in Turkish) written in Tajik (Persian). It was written in imitation of Masnavia Ma'navi in ​​1291 and covers stories about his father, the author himself, Burhanuddin Muhakkik, Shams Tabrezi, Hisamuddin Chalabi, Salahuddin Zarkuba and others.

3. “Rubabnam” ( Persian رباب نامه , “The Book of Rubaba”), which by its genre is masnavi in ​​Tajik (Persian) language and consists of 8091 beits. This book was also written by the author in imitation of Masnavii ma'navi in ​​1301.

4. “Intichonam” ( Persian انتها نامه , “The Book of the End”), which is also masnavi in ​​Tajik (Persian) language and is written in imitation of Masnavi’s father of its author. The work consists of 8313 bates.

5. “Maarif” ( Persian معارف ولدی , “Knowledge”), which is a prosaic work in Tajik (Persian) language and is written in imitation of the “Maarif” of the author’s grandfather - Bahauddin Valad and “Fihi ma fihi” of his father - Jalaleddin Rumi . This book is not much different from his Masnavi works, and some of their stories are even repeated in it. The book contains some historical information.

In addition, such works as “Ishknam” (“Book of Love”), “Risolai e'tikod” (“Treatise on Belief”) and “Taroshnam” (“Treatise on Shaving”) are attributed to the Sultanwalad, which, according to a fair remark by F. Lewis, is an absolutely baseless assumption (2).

1. Afloki Ahmad. Manokib-ul-orifin. Tehran, 1896 - S. 353.
2. Lewis DF Rumi. Past & Present, East & West. The Life, Teaching & Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi. Oxford, 2000 - S. 241.

1. Ziyoev H.M. Sufi Order of the Mavoslav. Dushanbe, 2007.
2. Lewis DF Rumi. Past & Present, East & West. The Life, Teaching & Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi.- Oxford, 2000.
3. Gulpinorli A. Mavlaviya ba'd az Mavlono (Mavlaviya after Mavlono) .- Tehran, 1366 x. (In Persian).