Sea bream or Bramovye ( lat. Bramidae ) is a family of marine oceanic fish of the order Perciformes (Perciformes), the family includes 7 genera and approximately 22 species. They got their name because of the resemblance to bream , which belongs to another family and even a squad .
| Sea bream | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Atlantic sea bream ( Brama brama ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Bramidae Bonaparte , 1831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Area
Representatives of the Bramov family are found in the tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of all oceans [1] . The family is represented by pelagic fishes of the open ocean. For the breeding season, the sea bream goes to warmer zones. [2] Two species live in Russia : Atlantic sea bream ( Barama brama ) off the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea and Japanese sea bream ( Bara japonica ) from Japan to the eastern coast of Kamchatka and the Commander Islands . These are the least thermophilic species entering the relatively cold waters [1] [3] .
Description
Medium and large size fish, usually body length does not exceed 50-60 cm. Representatives of two species reach a length of 1 m and a mass of 6 kg ( Brama brama and Taractichthys longipinnis ) [4] [5] . The body is high and compressed from the sides, covered with large scales with keels or prickly outgrowths. High head with big eyes and big mouth, covered with scales. The dorsal and anal fins are long and similar in shape, do not have thorny rays, although the anterior rays of the dorsal fin are not branched. Pectoral fins long, pterygoid. Pelvic fins located either on the throat or under the pectoral fins. Caudal fin strongly forked. The wide upper jaw is covered with scales. Vertebrae 36-54. Juveniles differ significantly from adults in body shape and fin structure [6] .
Most species have a black or gray body color, sometimes with a silvery shade.
Sea bream are predatory lifestyle, the diet usually includes small fish and crustaceans . In turn, they themselves become prey for some sharks .
Classification
In the family there are two subfamilies with 7 genera and approximately 22 species [7] .
- Subfamily Braminae. In adults, the dorsal and anal fins are covered with scales and do not fold completely. Pelvic fins are located under the pectoral fins.
- Genus Brama - Sea Bream
- Brama australis
- Brama brama - Atlantic sea bream
- Brama caribbea - Caribbean Sea Bream
- Brama dussumieri - Sea bream Duusumieu
- Brama japonica - Japanese sea bream , or Pacific sea bream
- Brama myersi - Myers Sea Bream
- Brama orcini - Tropical Sea Bream
- Brama pauciradiata
- Genus Eumegistus
- Eumegistus brevorti
- Eumegistus illustris
- Genus Taractes
- Taractes asper
- Taractes rubescens
- Genus Taractichthys
- Taractichthys longipinnis
- Taractichthys steindachneri
- Xenobrama genus
- Xenobrama microlepis
- Genus Brama - Sea Bream
- Subfamily Pteraclinae. The dorsal and anal fins are not covered with scales and can fully fold. The ventral fins are located on the throat in front of the pectoral fins.
- Genus Pteraclis
- Pteraclis aesticola
- Pteraclis carolinus
- Pteraclis velifera
- Pterycombus genus
- Pterycombus brama
- Peterycombus petersii
- Genus Pteraclis
Commercial Value
Some species of sea bream are hunted .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Commercial fish of Russia. In two volumes / ed. O. F. Gritsenko, A. N. Kotlyar, and B. N. Koteneva. - Moscow : VNIRO publishing house, 2006. - T. 1. - p. 608-612. - 656 s. - ISBN 5-85382-229-2 .
- ↑ Biological encyclopedia. Family of Sea Bream or Brahmovy (Bramidae)
- ↑ Fish of Russia. Directory. FAMILY BRAMEE
- ↑ Atlantic Sea Bream (English) in FishBase database.
- ↑ Sea bream (English) in FishBase database.
- ↑ Carpenter, KE (ed.) The living marine of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Special Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. Rome, FAO. 2002. P. 1469-1472.
- ↑ Nelson, DS, Fish of the World Fauna / Trans. 4th pererabot. English ed. N. G. Bogutskaya, scientific. editors A.M. Nasek, A.S. Gerd. - M .: LIBROKOM Book House, 2009. - P. 505. - ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0 .
Links
- Description of the Bramidae family on the FishBase website.
Literature
- Carpenter, KE (ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals.] FAO Species Identification Guide 5. Rome, FAO. 2002. p. 1375-2127.