1560 year

Russia

• February - Russian troops took Marienburg ( Aluksne ). August - The Russians defeated the main forces of the Order at the Battle of Ermes and took Viljandi (Fellin). Master Fürstenberg was captured.
• At the Speyer imperial Diet, the issue of creating a coalition to fight Russia was discussed. Ferdinand (as the lord of the Livonian Order) turned to Ivan IV with a proposal to end the war with Livonia, but he refused.
• Ivan the Terrible disbands the Chosen Council . Priest Sylvester and Alexei Adashev were exiled.

England

• The English fleet besieged the Scottish fortress of Leith. Calvinists won. An agreement was signed in Edinburgh , according to which French troops were withdrawn, freedom of religion was declared, Mary Stuart and her husband refused rights to the crown of England, a council of 12 representatives of the aristocracy was established. The Scottish Parliament introduced the Presbyterian Church and secularized church lands.
• Maria Stewart refused to recognize the Edinburgh Treaty; Giza began preparations for an intervention in Scotland.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

• June 15 - the first mention of the villages of Koval and Plessy (now Bobruisk district, Mogilev region , Belarus ).
• July 15 - the first mention of the village of Shatilki, now - the city of Svetlogorsk ( Gomel region , Belarus ).
• The first mention of the village of Uzhanka , now part of the Nesvizh district ( Minsk region , Belarus ).

France

• The Amboise conspiracy is a failed attempt to plot the French Huguenot nobles, led by Prince Conde , directed against the Giza at the court of King Francis II . The conspirators set themselves the goal of removing Giza from power, convening the General States and safeguarding the interests of the blood prince Antoine de Bourbon and the Huguenots. To this end, the southern French nobility attempted to capture the royal castle of Amboise. The plot was uncovered, the rebellious nobles were executed, and Prince Conde miraculously escaped execution.
• 1560-1574 - King of France Charles IX .
• 1560-1561 - General States in Orleans. States did not give money to the king.

Spain

• Philip II sent a fleet to the shores of North Africa, to Tripoli, but the Turkish fleet utterly defeated the Spanish armada.
• A tax has been introduced on wool exported from Spain.
• The appearance of tobacco at the court of Philip II , as an ornamental plant
• 1560-1568 - King of Sweden Eric XIV .
• John, son of Gustav Vasa, became the Duke of Finland and rebelled against King Eric.
• Autumn - The uprising of Estonian peasants on the islands of Harju and Viruma against German feudal lords.
• Portuguese troops captured Buddha’s Tooth in Ceylon and, at the insistence of the Catholic Church, pulverized it and burned it. According to Sinhala sources, the Tooth was hidden in a secluded place.
• 1560-1562 - Peasant uprising in the area of ​​Mount Kuvolsan (Korea), headed by Lim Koktyon.

See also: Category: Born in 1560

• August 18 - Mary of Jesus - nun of the Order of the Barefoot Carmelites , blessed .
• Arminius, Jacob - Dutch Protestant theologian.
• Bathory, Elizabeth - Hungarian countess , niece of Stephen Bathory , notorious for the massacres of young girls.
• Baugin, Caspar - Swiss anatomist and botanist, taxonomist of plants. One of the first to use binary nomenclature in his works.
• Ishida Mitsunari is a samurai commander of medieval Japan of the Sengoku period . Vassal Toyotomi Hideyoshi and chairman of the board of trustees of the five rulers under his son Toyotomi Hideyori . He was the commander of the troops of the "Western coalition" at the Battle of Sekigahara . After defeating her, he was executed by order of Tokugawa Ieyasu .
• Carracci, Annibale - Italian painter and engraver , brother of the artist Agostino Carracci .
• Cavendish, Thomas - English navigator , pirate .
• Pretorius, Anton - German pastor , theologian , writer ( witchcraft theorist) and fighter against Vedic trials and torture .
• Sully, Maximilien de Bethune - head of the French government under King Henry IV .
• Torres, Luis Vaes de - Spanish navigator .
• Khodkevich, Jan Karol - military and political figure of the Commonwealth , a representative of the old Belarusian noble family of Khodkevich, a talented commander. The Great Hetman of Lithuania (since 1605 ).
• Harriot, Thomas - English astronomer, mathematician, ethnographer and translator.

See also: Category: Deaths in 1560

• Baccio Bandinelli is an Italian sculptor and painter of the mannerism era.
• Gustav I Vasa - regent of the Kingdom of Sweden since August 23, 1521 (Gustav Ericsson Vasa), King of Sweden since June 6, 1523 .
• Doria, Andrea - Genoese admiral and statesman.
• Du Belle, Jean - French cardinal and diplomat , Bishop of Bayonne , Archbishop of Paris , cousin of the famous poet Joacen du Belle .
• Du Belle, Joachen - one of the outstanding French poets of the XVI century , a member of the poetry group " Pleiades " and a closest friend of its leader Ronsard .
• Zakharyin-Yuryev, Anastasia Romanovna - the first wife of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible , the mother of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich .
• Imagawa Yoshimoto is the 9th head of the Imagawa clan , one of the most famous daimyo of the Sengoku Jidai era and the dominant military leader in the Tokaido region.
• Maria de Guise (Queen of Scotland) - Queen of Scotland , wife of King James V and regent of Scotland in 1554-1560. The period of her regency became critical for choosing the direction of further political and religious development of the country.
• Melanchthon, Philip - German humanist , theologian and teacher , evangelical reformer , systematizer of Lutheran theology , Luther's associate.
• Francis II - King of France since July 10, 1559, Consort King of Scotland from April 24, 1558 . From the Valois Dynasty.