Kuprin, Alexander Ivanovich

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was born on August 26 ( September 7 ) in 1870 in the county town of Narovchat (now the Penza region ) in the family of an official, hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin (1834–1871), who died a year after the birth of his son. Mother - Lyubov Alekseevna (1838–1910), nee Kulunchakova , came from a clan of Tatar princes ^{[5] [6]} . After the death of her husband, she moved to Moscow , where the early years and the adolescence of the future writer passed. At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovskaya School, from where he graduated in 1880. In the same year he entered the Second Moscow Military Gymnasium .

In 1887 he was enrolled in the Alexander Military School . Subsequently, he will describe his army youth in the stories “At the Turning (Cadets)” and in the novel “Juncker”.

The first literary experience of Kuprin was poems that remained unpublished. The first printed work is the story “The Last Debut” (1889).

In 1890, Kuprin with the rank of second lieutenant was released in the 46th Dnieper infantry regiment , stationed in the Podolsk province , in Proskurov . Four years served as an officer, military service gave him a wealth of material for future works.

In 1893 - 1894 in the St. Petersburg magazine " Russian wealth " published his story " In the Dark ", the stories "Moonlit Night" and "Inquiry". On the army theme, Kuprin has several short stories: “Night's Lodging” (1897), “Night Shift” (1899), and “Hike”.

In 1894, Lieutenant Kuprin retired and moved to Kiev , having no civilian profession. In the following years, he traveled a lot around Russia, having tried many professions, eagerly absorbing life impressions, which became the basis of his future works.

In the 1890s, he published the essay “Yuzovsky Zavod” and the story “Molokh”, the story “Forest wilderness”, the stories “ Olesya ” and “Kat” (“Warrant Officer of the Army”), in 1901 - the story “Werewolf”.

During these years, Kuprin became acquainted with I. A. Bunin , A. P. Chekhov, and M. Gorky . In 1901 he moved to Petersburg ^[7] , began working as secretary of the “ Journal for All ”. Kuprin's stories appeared in Petersburg journals: “Swamp” (1902), “Konokrady” (1903), “White Poodle” (1903).

In 1905, his most significant work was released - the story " The Duel ", which was a great success. The speeches of the writer with the reading of individual chapters of the “Duel” became an event of the cultural life of the capital. His other works of this time are: the stories “Headquarters Captain Rybnikov” (1906), “The River of Life”, “Gambrinus” (1907), essay “Events in Sevastopol” (1905). In 1906 he was a candidate for deputies of the State Duma of the first convocation from the St. Petersburg province.

In the years between the two revolutions, Kuprin published a series of essays "Listrigoni" (1907–1911), the stories " Shulamith " (1908), "Garnet Bracelet" (1911), and others, the story "Liquid Sun" (1912). His prose has become a notable phenomenon of Russian literature. In 1911 he settled in Gatchina with his family.

After the outbreak of the First World War, he opened a military hospital in his house and agitated citizens in the newspapers to take military loans . In November 1914 he was mobilized and sent to the militia in Finland by the commander of an infantry company. Demobilized in July 1915 for health reasons.

In 1915, Kuprin completes the story "The Pit ", which tells about the life of prostitutes in brothels. The story has been condemned for excessive naturalism. The publishing house Nuravkina, which published the Pit in the German edition, was prosecuted by the prosecutor's office “for distributing pornographic publications”.

The renunciation of Nicholas II Kuprin met in Helsingfors , where he was treated, and received him with enthusiasm. After returning to Gatchina, he worked as an editor of the newspapers Svobodnaya Rossiya, Volnost, Petrogradsky Liszt , and sympathized with the Social Revolutionaries .

In 1917 he completed the work on the story “The Star of Solomon”, in which, creatively reworking the classic story about Faust and Mephistopheles , he raised questions about free will and the role of chance in human destiny.

After the October Revolution, the writer did not accept the policy of military communism . He worked in the publishing house " World Literature ", founded by M. Gorky . At the same time translated the drama of F. Schiller " Don Carlos ". In July 1918, after the murder of Volodarsky, he was arrested, spent three days in prison, was released and entered on the list of hostages ^[5] .

In December 1918, he had a personal meeting with V. I. Lenin on the issue of organizing a new newspaper for the peasants "Earth", who approved the idea, but the project was "hacked down" by the Chairman of the Moscow City Council L. B. Kamenev ^[8] .

On October 16, 1919 , with the arrival of the Whites in Gatchina , he entered the rank of lieutenant in the North-Western Army , was appointed editor of the army newspaper "Prinevsky Kray" , headed by General PN Krasnov ^[9] .

After the defeat of the North-Western Army, he was in Revel , from December 1919 - in Helsingfors , where he collaborates with the newspaper “New Russian Life” ^[10] , from July 1920 - in Paris ^[11] .

In 1937, at the invitation of the Government of the USSR, Kuprin returned to his homeland ^[5] . Kuprin’s return to the Soviet Union was preceded by the appeal of the plenipotentiary plenipotentiary of the USSR in France V.Potyomkin on August 7, 1936 with a corresponding proposal to I. V. Stalin (who gave a preliminary "good"), and on October 12, 1936 - with a letter to the Commissar of Internal Affairs N.I. Ezhov . Yezhov sent a note to Potemkin at the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) , which on October 23, 1936 decided: "to allow writer A. I. Kuprin to enter the USSR" (voted "for" I. V. Stalin, V. M. Molotov , V. J. Chubar and A. A. Andreev ; abstained KE Voroshilov ) ^[12] .

According to L. Rasskazova, in all official notes of Soviet officials it was stated that Kuprin was weak, sick, inoperable, and unable to write anything. Presumably, the article “Moscow native”, published in June 1937 in the newspaper “Izvestia” signed by Kuprin, was in fact written by the journalist N. K. Verzhbitsky assigned to Kuprin. An interview with Kuprin’s wife, Elizaveta Moritsevna, was also published; she said that the writer was fascinated by everything seen and heard in socialist Moscow ^[13] .

Kuprin died on the night of August 25, 1938 from esophageal cancer . He was buried in Leningrad at the Literatorsky walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery near the grave of I. S. Turgenev ^{[14] [15]} ( photo of the grave ).

• Davydov (Kuprina-Iordanskaya), Maria Karlovna (March 25, 1881–1966) - the first wife, foster daughter of cellist Karl Yulievich Davydov and the publisher of the magazine “Peace of God” Alexandra Arkadyevna Gorozhanskaya (the wedding took place on February 3, 1902, divorced in March 1907, however, official divorce documents were obtained only in 1909). Subsequently - the wife of statesman Nikolai Ivanovich Iordansky (Negurev) ^[16] . Left memories "Years of youth" (including the time of living together with A. I. Kuprin) (Moscow: " Fiction ", 1966) ^[17] .
  • Kuprina, Lydia Alexandrovna (January 3, 1903 - November 23, 1924) is a daughter from her first marriage. She graduated from high school. At sixteen she married a certain Leontiev, but she divorced a year later. In 1923 she married Boris Egorov. In early 1924, she gave birth to a son, Aleksei (1924–1946), and soon divorced her husband. When my son was ten months old, she passed away. Alexey was raised by his father, later participated in the Great Patriotic War as a sergeant, died of heart disease, which was a consequence of a contusion received at the front ^[18] .
• Heinrich, Elizaveta Moritzovna (1882-1942) - the second wife (since 1907, married on August 16, 1909). Daughter of the Perm photographer Moritz Heinrich , younger sister of actress Maria Abramova (Heinrich) . She worked as a sister of mercy. She killed herself during the siege of Leningrad . ^[nineteen]
  • Kuprina, Ksenia Alexandrovna (April 21, 1908 - November 18, 1981) is the daughter of a second marriage. Model and actress. She worked in the fashion house of Paul Poiret . In 1958 she moved from France to the USSR. She played in the theater of A.S. Pushkin in Moscow. Left their memories "Kuprin - my father." Buried with her parents.
  • Kuprina, Zinaida Aleksandrovna (October 6, 1909–1912), the daughter of a second marriage, died of pneumonia. Buried at the Gatchina cemetery.

The daughter of the writer Xenia and his grandson Alexei Egorov died childless, so by now there are no more direct descendants of the writer ^[20] .

• Mozharova, Sofya Ivanovna (nee Kuprina; 1861-1919 or 1922), sister, Mozharova’s wife, Ivan Alexandrovich. The last years of her life lived in the city of Sergiev Posad .
• Mozharov, Georgy Ivanovich (1889–1943), nephew ^{[21] [22]} .

Works by Alexander Kuprin

Editions

• A.I. Kuprin. Complete works in eight volumes. - SPb. : AF Marks Edition, 1912.
• A.I. Kuprin. Complete works in nine volumes. - SPb. : Edition of A.F. Marx, 1912-1915.
• A.I. Kuprin . Favorites. T. 1-2. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1937.
• A.I. Kuprin. Stories - L .: Lenizdat , 1951.
• A.I. Kuprin. Works in 3 tons. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1953, 1954.
• A.I. Kuprin. Collected Works in 6 tt. - M .: Fiction , 1957-1958.
• A.I. Kuprin. Collected Works in 9 tt. - M .: True , 1964.
• A.I. Kuprin . Collected Works in 9 tt. - M .: Fiction, 1970-1973.
• A.I. Kuprin. Collected Works in 5 tt. - M .: True, 1982.
• A.I. Kuprin. Collected Works in 6 tt. - M .: Fiction, 1991-1996.
• A.I. Kuprin. Collected Works in 11 tt. - M .: Terra , 1998. - ISBN 5-300-01806-6 .
• A.I. Kuprin. Paris is intimate. - M. , 2006. - ISBN 5-699-17615-2 .
• A.I. Kuprin. Complete Works in 10 tt. - M .: Sunday, 2006–2007. - ISBN 5-88528-502-0 .
• A.I. Kuprin. Collected Works in 9 tt. - M .: Knigovek (Literary Supplement " Spark "), 2010. - ISBN 978-5-904656-05-8 .
• A.I. Kuprin. Garnet bracelet. Tale. / Comp. I.Seselova. Intro. Art. A.V. Karasev . - Kharkov; Belgorod: Family Leisure Club, 2013. - 416 pp., Ill. - (Series "Great masterpieces of world classics"). - ISBN 978-5-9910-2265-1 ^[23]
• A.I. Kuprin. Voice from there // “ Roman-gazeta ”, 2014. - № 4.

Screenshots

See. Screenshots of the works of A. I. Kuprin.

Movie Aviation

• Garnet bracelet (1964) - Gregory Guy .
• The aeronaut (1975) - Armen Dzhigarkhanyan .
• White Snow of Russia (1980) - Vladimir Samoilov .
• Kuprin (2014) - Mikhail Porechenkov .

• In the name of Kuprin in Russia, 7 settlements and 35 streets and lanes in cities and villages of Russia ^[24] are named, 4 of them in the Penza region (in Penza, Narovchat, Nizhny Lomov and Kamenka).
• On the homeland of Kuprin (the village of Narovchat, Penza Region ), on September 8, 1981, the only Kuprin house-museum was opened and the first monument to the writer in Russia was erected (a marble bust of sculptor V. G. Kurdov ). The opening of the museum and the monument was attended by the daughter of the writer - Ksenia Alexandrovna Kuprina (1908–1981) ^[25] .
• In the Vologda Oblast, in the village of Danilovsky of the Ustyuzhensky District, there is the Batiushkovs' estate , where there are several authentic Kuprin things.
• In Gatchina, the central city library (since 1959) ^[26] and one of the streets of the Marienburg microdistrict (since 1960) are named after Kuprin. Also in 1989, a bust-monument to Kuprin by sculptor V. Shevchenko was installed in the city ^[27] .
• In Ukraine, large streets in the cities of Donetsk , Mariupol , Krivoi Rog , and also streets in the cities of Odessa , Makeyevka , Khmelnitsky , Sumy, and some others are named after A. I. Kuprin.
• In Kiev , at number 4 on the street. Sagaydachnogo (Podol, the former Alexander), where the writer lived in 1894-1896, in 1958 a memorial plaque was opened. The name Kuprin named street in Kiev.
• In St. Petersburg, on the site of the Vienna restaurant, which A. I. Kuprin often visited, is the Old Vienna mini-hotel ^[28] , one of the rooms of which is entirely devoted to the writer. There are also rare pre-revolutionary editions of his books and many archival photographs.
• In 1990, a memorial mark was installed in Balaclava in the area of ​​the Remizov cottage, on which Kuprin lived twice. In 1994, the writer received the name Balaklava Library No. 21 on the embankment (former Dacha Maretskaya ). In May 2009, a monument was unveiled Kuprin sculptor S. A. Chizh.
• In Kolomna, the writer has a memorial plaque.
• In 2014, the Kuprin television series was filmed in Russia (directed by Vlad Furman, Andrei Eshpay, Andrei Malyukov, Sergey Keshishev).
• The annual literary contest for the Alexander Kuprin Prize, organized by the Union of Writers of the Republic of Crimea, is dedicated to the memory of A.I. Kuprin. Creative works related to the writer's creativity are accepted for this competition ^[29] .

• Yuri Epanchin. Kuprin and war. Non-party writer in the events of 1914-1917. // Military history research in the Volga region. Issue 7. Саратов, 2006. — С. 168—175.
• Александр Карасёв . Завещание поручика Куприна // Новый мир . 2010. № 4.
• Олег Михайлов . Куприн. — М. : Молодая гвардия , 1981 . — 272 с. — ( Жизнь замечательных людей ). - 150 000 copies
• Рассказова Л. В. А. И. Куприн и императорская семья // Личность и творчество А. И. Куприна в контексте русской культуры XX-XXI веков. Материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции, посвящённой А. И. Куприну. Пенза, 5 сентября 2013 г.. — Пенза, 2013 . — С. 142—147 .
• Rasskazova L.V. “There are strange convergences ...” (about the portrait of A.I. Kuprin by S.A. Mako) // Sura: magazine of modern literature, culture and social thought, No. 4. - Penza, 2004 . - p . 134-140 .
• Rasskazova L.V. "And Penza blood flows in me." Museum A. I. Kuprin in Narovchaty of the Penza region // Literary museums of Russia: Virtual excursions. - M .: Libereya-Bibinform, 2013 . - p . 68-74 .
• Rasskazova L.V. Kuprinsky collection of the Association of State Literary and Memorial Museums of the Penza Region .
• Rasskazova L.V. Materials to the Kuprinsk Encyclopedia .
• Rasskazova L.V. The New About the Childhood of Naranchatka A.I. Kuprin // My Little Homeland: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Practical Conference. Issue 11. - Penza, 2013 . - p . 174-182 .
• Rasskazova L.V. On the Tatar origin of A.I. Kuprin // The personality and creativity of A.I. Kuprin in the context of the Russian culture of the XX-XXI centuries. Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference. Penza, September 5, 2013. - Penza, 2013 . - p . 148-153 .
• Rasskazova L.V. The Last Pages of the Life of A.I. Kuprin // Philosophy of Russian Education: History and Modernity. Collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. - Penza, 2014 . - p . 172-175 .
• Frolov P. A. A. I. Kuprin and the Penza region. - Saratov; Penza: Volga Prince. publishing house Penza Branch, 1984.
• A.I. Kuprin as a diver // Siberian Trade Newspaper. No. 240. November 11, 1909. Tyumen.
• A.I. Kuprin in Moscow // Siberian Trade Gazette. No. 60. March 16, 1910. Tyumen.
• Unsuccessful flight of A. I. Kuprin // Siberian trade newspaper. Number 254. November 23, 1910. Tyumen.
• Trunin KA Kuprin. Criticism and analysis of literary heritage. - 2018.

• Beranger, Pierre-Jean. Prediction of Nostradam for 2000 / Pierre-Jean Beranger; translator A.I. Kuprin // Songs: collection / Pierre-Jean Beranger, Auguste Barbier, Pierre Dupont. - Moscow: Fiction, 1976. - 542, [2] pp., Ill. + [5] pp .; 21 cm. - (The Library of World Literature. Series Two “Literature of the XIX Century”; Volume 69).

• Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich // Gatchina3000.ru.
• Kuprin and Aviation
• In the animal world Kuprin Alexander - an article in the magazine "Golden Mustang"
• Intertextual basis of the St. Petersburg theme in the novels by A. I. Kuprin