Solovyov, Ivan Nikolaevich (Cossack)

He was born in the Cossack family of Nikolai Semenovich and Lukery Petrovna Solovyov. He graduated from a rural school ^[2] . In 1911, he was called up for service in the Krasnoyarsk Cossack Hundred. Upon returning, he married the widow of A. G. Osipova.

During the reign of the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak mobilized, served in the 1st Yenisei Cossack Regiment. Participated in hostilities, injured. March 4, 1920 was arrested and taken to the Achinsk house of imprisonment. May 5 sentenced to one year in prison. July 9, 1920 fled from the Krasnoyarsk concentration camp and took refuge in the taiga ^[3] .

Since 1920, gradually around I. N. Solovyov, dissatisfied with the actions of the Soviet government began to unite. During 1920 - 1924, the I.N. Solovyov detachment (the Mountain-mounted partisan detachment named after the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich) first entered or left the groups of Rodionov, Kulakov, Motygin, Oliferov and others ^[4] . The main backbone of the base in the taiga was organized on the principle of a regular military unit, there were uniforms, weapons, and nightly roll call was held. The composition of the "gang" (as the squad was called in the reports of the authorized OGPU for the county and in the literature of the Soviet era) at different times ranged from 20 to 500 or more people. More than 70 percent of them were the Khakassian poor, dissatisfied with the surplus policy. Some Solovyovites lived in families, or acquired wives for themselves as appointed ataman ^[5] .

The political aspect was manifested in proclamations, leaflets written by the detachment’s chief of staff, former agronomist, A.K. Zinoviev (pseudonym “Colonel Zack”), where the Soloviev’s called themselves “white partisans”, proclaimed the slogans “For the Constituent Assembly ”, “for non-partisan parties” councils and against communists ”,“ For the liberation of foreigners ”. The inscription "For Faith, Tsar and Fatherland" was embroidered on a three-color banner. Politics combined with criminal activity in the robbery of trading shops and food depots, cattle theft from the population, attacks on Soviet institutions, consumer societies, mines, and dairies ^[6] .

The fight against "political banditry" was initially conducted by armed methods. In April-May 1922, the commander of the CHON troops A.P. Golikov (Gaidar) took part in it. On November 7, 1922, a detachment of 360 "Chonovtsy" under the command of A. A. Pudchenko, G. A. Ovchinnikov defeated the parking of the "white partisans" near the Upper Tooth (Celestial Tooth). However, about a hundred nightingales led by the chieftain left and subsequently organized a new base in the upper reaches of the Srednyaya Tersi River. In 1923, the confrontation continued. Two closest associates of I. N. Solovyov, A. K. Zinoviev and adjutant V. I. Korolyov, voluntarily surrendered to the Soviet regime. The groups of N.V. Kulakov and S.Z. Astanaev were defeated. A.I. Kiykova, Kulibisteyev-Emandykov brothers. In the autumn of 1923, the “partisan detachment commander” G. G. Rodionov surrendered to the authorities, which was specially reported to I. N. Solovyov and invited to follow this example ^[7] .

The period of negotiations began, in which the chairman of the county revolutionary committee G.I. Itygin took an active part. During the negotiations, a meeting was held during the regional congress of Soviets on April 5-6, 1924 in Chebaki . After the speech of I. N. Solovyov, the delegates adopted a resolution of the congress - to appeal to the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee with a request for rehabilitation of I. N. Solovyov and his associates ^[8] .

Negotiations of civil authorities provoked resistance of the leadership of the special forces. On April 29, 1924, Khakassia district was declared "on an exceptional position." On May 15, a meeting of the CHON Council of Khakassia County was held, at which the decision was made: "Consider Solovyov’s gang as not liquidated ... Develop a secret fight plan." On May 23-24, negotiations between Yesaul I.N. Solovyov and the commander of a separate squadron of the CHON N.I. Zarudnev took place in the village of Solyonoozernoye, Chebakovsky District. On May 24, a Cossack was captured and then killed by a guard.

In September 1999, a commemorative cross and stone were installed on the grave of I. N. Solovyov’s comrade-in-arms by Cossacks of the Yenisei Cossack army.

Even during the life of I.N. Solovyov, a national hero appeared ataman Solovyov in secretly executed Khakass tahpahs :

Wild Iyus behind us,

The land of the fathers is behind us.

We left the peaceful homeland.

He was ravaged by a fierce enemy.

But the rifles are well-aimed behind us,

Each cartridge - take care.

We are in our native taiga, Solovyov, with you

Hiding like enemies ...

After the death of the leader, they recalled:

In the distance a blue taschyl

The top of the blue is famous.

Let Soloviev die - killed

He was with us his soul.

(Literary processing by V. A. Soloukhin ^[9] ).

• Anatoly Chmykhalo. Delayed shot . - Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk Book Publishing House, 1981.
• Vladimir Soloukhin . The salt lake . - Moscow, 1994.

• Severyanova G.M. K Restyansky uprisings in Siberia (autumn 1920-1924). Textbook on local lore for school teachers, university professors (Scientific editor - doctor of historical sciences M. Severyanov, reviewer - candidate of historical sciences, associate professor Rogachev A. G.). - Krasnoyarsk, 1995.
• Sheksheev A. P. “Gangster movement” and the fight against it in the Achinsk-Minusinsk region / Yearbook of the Institute of Sayano-Altai Turkology. - Vol. 1. - Abakan, 1997.
• Sheksheev A.P. Civil unrest on the Yenisei: winners and losers. Scientific Edition - Abakan: Khakass Book Publishing House, 2006. ISBN 5-7091-0299-7
• Sheksheev A.P. Solovyov Ivan Nikolaevich / Encyclopedia of the Republic of Khakassia. - T. 2. - Krasnoyarsk: Polikor, 2008.
• Annenko A.N. The triumph and tragedy of the "emperor of the taiga." Documentary story about I. N. Soloviev . - Abakan: Khakass Book Publishing House, 2012. ISBN 978-5-7091-0561-4
• Annenko Alexey. From knots tied to memory / Khakassia. - 2011. - February 2.
• Nilogov Alexey Found a metric record of the birth of the "emperor of the taiga" / Chance. - 2017 .-- June 23.

• The end of the taiga emperor . Feature film by Vladimir Sarukhanov. Film Studio them. Gorky (1978).
• The triumph and tragedy of the Cossack Ivan Solovyov . Documentary film by Alexey Annenko . Broadcasting company "Khakassia" (1999).

• The daily newspaper "Soviet Siberia" No. 270 on November 29, 1923. Novonikolaevsk (article: “The Solovyov’s Gang Affair” )
• A.P. Sheksheev. “We are in our native taiga, Solovyov, with you ...” Almanac “The White Guard”, No. 8. Cossacks of Russia in the White movement. M., “Sowing,” pp. 256-263.
• Russian hero against Soviet power in Khakassia: ataman I.N. Soloviev (1890-1924)
• About Ataman Solovyov
• Annenko Alexey. From knots tied to memory / Khakassia. - 2011. - February 2
• The choice of Ivan Solovyov and Arkady Golikov at the crossroads of two eras