Yakov Ivanovich Melnik ( 1890 - 1982 ) - a participant in the Great Patriotic War , commander of the Vinnitsa-Sumy association of partisan detachments, colonel of the NKVD .
| Yakov Ivanovich Melnik | |||||||||
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| Place of Birth | Golta , Kamennomostovskaya volost, Ananyevsky district , Kherson province , Russian Empire | ||||||||
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| Affiliation |  Russian Empire of the  the USSR | ||||||||
| Rank | Colonel  | ||||||||
| Battles / wars | The Great Patriotic War | ||||||||
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Content
Biography
He was born on December 10, 1892 in the village of Golta, Ananyevsky district, Kherson province, now within the city of Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv region of Ukraine, in a peasant family. Ukrainian .
At the age of seven, he lost his father. In 1901 he graduated from the Zemstvo school, helped his mother in the household. Since 1903 he worked at a local quarry. In September 1905, he got a job as an apprentice fitter at the Faatz engineering plant, and after finishing 3 years of study, he became a locksmith.
In 1913 he moved to Nikolaev, where he worked as a mechanic at the Naval shipyard. For participation in the strike he was dismissed from the factory, but in 1914 he returned to it again. March 1, 1916 he was called up as a soldier in the army and sent to Tula in the 76th reserve infantry regiment, where he served for 2 months. In May, he was returned to the factory as a skilled worker.
In April 1917, Melnik joined the RSDLP (b) . In August 1917 he moved as a metalworker to the Temvod factory, where he was elected a member of the factory committee. In January 1918, as part of the Red Army, took part in battles with the Haidamaks, in March - in the defense of Nikolaev from the Germans.
After the restoration of Soviet power in Pervomaisk - in March 1919, he worked in the local revolutionary committee, then in the Ananevsky district revolutionary committee as a commissioner of labor. Since May 1919, as part of the special forces detachment of the 45th division of the Red Army, Y. I. Melnik, as a platoon commander, took part in battles against Denikin’s troops and Petliura gangs, and in suppressing kulak uprisings.
From September 1920 - head of the village work department, from June 1921 - secretary of the Novo-Ukrainian district committee of the Communist Party (b) U, from June 1922 - member of the bureau and head of the organizational department of the Pervomaisky district committee of the Communist Party (b) U.
During 1923-1924 he studied in Moscow at the courses of secretaries at the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, after which he was sent to the Chernigov Provincial Committee of the Communist Party (b) U, where he worked as secretary of the district committees. In 1928 he studied again in Moscow at the courses of Marxism-Leninism at the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and after graduation he was sent to the Moscow Aviation Plant No. 24 as secretary of the party committee.
From 1931 to 1933, he held various positions in the Bauman and Stalin district and Moscow city committees of the CPSU (b) .
In 1933-1936 he worked in the People's Commissariat of Railways of the USSR.
In January 1937 he was sent to work in the NKVD of the USSR, where he served in the 6th transport department of the NKVD. From February 1939, Yakov Melnik was an assistant to the special commissioner of the NKVD of the USSR, and from April 1941, special commissioner of the 3rd Directorate of the NKVD.
World War II
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| Photo of partisan commanders: Kovpak , Melnik, Rudnev , Fedorov | |
In May 1942, Ya. I. Melnik was credited to the reserve of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD in the partisan movement department. In October 1942, Melnik was appointed the head of the operational group for the leadership of the party underground and partisan movement in the Sumy region and sent to the rear of the enemy. February 25, 1943 he took the post of commissar, and later - the commander of the Sumy partisan association.
In total for the period from October 25, 1942 to March 26, 1944, the Vinnitsa-Sumy association of partisan detachments carried out three raids into the enemy’s rear lines, covering nearly 6500 km across nine regions of Ukraine and Belarus , crossing 38 rivers. The partisans, under the command of Y. I. Melnik, conducted 114 military operations, destroyed almost 12,500 enemy soldiers and officers, 82 military trains, 88 steam locomotives, 902 wagons, 16 tanks and armored vehicles, 5 aircraft, 10 railway and 102 highway bridges.
After the dissolution of the Vinnitsa-Sumy Association, Yakov Ivanovich Melnik was at the disposal of the personnel department of the NKVD of the USSR.
After the war
From October 1945 to February 1946, Miller was on a business trip in Romania . From 1946 to 1950 - in senior positions in the apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR .
From June 1950 to April 1954 he worked in senior positions at Dalstroy of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
From May 1954 to September 1955, he was the head of the department for managing the northeastern forced labor camps of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs ( Magadan , Kolyma Territory ).
In October 1955, Y. I. Melnik retired, lived in Moscow .
During the period of party work, he was elected a delegate to the XV Congress of the CPSU (b), VIII, IX, X Congresses of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) U, a member of the MGK VKP (b), the Provincial and Regional Party Committees.
He died in 1982 .
Family
Was married. In April 1949, his wife was repressed (in 1953 she was released with full rehabilitation). The family had two daughters; his grandson - A. M. Dobrovolsky - film director [2] .
Rewards
He was awarded the orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, Bohdan Khmelnitsky 1st degree, World War 1 degree and the Red Star, as well as medals, among which - "For courage", "For military merits", "For the defense of Stalingrad", "Partisan of the Patriotic war of 1 degree ".
Memory
Ya. I. Melnik is the author of the book “554 Days of Partisan War: a diary, documents.” [2] [3] [4]
See also
- Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War
Notes
- ↑ Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
- ↑ 1 2 Melnik Ya. I. “554 days of partisan war: diary, documents” // Moscow, 2006. —240 p., 12 ill.
- ↑ Issue "Old Books on Military Art"
- ↑ 63.3 (2) 622.1, M 48, Melnik Yakov Ivanovich (inaccessible link)