The Central Market (the Old Bazaar, the unofficial name of Starbaz, official in Soviet times is the Andreevsky District Market, now - the Central Market of Rostov-on-Don CJSC) is a trading company in the city of Rostov-on-Don.
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Located in the oldest district of Rostov - Leninsky. In addition to its social role, being “an area in the city for the trade of edible and other supplies in the wild ...” is the historical center of the Don capital. The market area is bounded in the east by Semashko Lane, in the south by Turgenevskaya Street, from the west by Budennovsky Avenue and from the north by Stanislavsky Street. This almost regular rectangle, in addition to the main territory of the market, includes: from the side of Turgenevskaya street - the building of the Rostov Institute (branch) of the Russian State University of Trade and Economics; from the side of Stanislavsky Street - the courtyard of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary , from the side of Semashko Lane - the two-storey building of the former Thousand Little Things shop and the architectural monument - the famous Grain Merchant P. R. Maximov erected in Soviet times. This is one of the first stone buildings of the city, built in the first half of the XIX century, presumably - according to the project of Sharzhinsky. There is evidence that in one of the shops in this house served as a clerk, and then, becoming a merchant, was traded by P.E. Chekhov - The father of the future famous writer and playwright.
History
Largely thanks to the Old Bazaar, Rostov, a merchant city, arose and developed for many years. The history of the city dates back to December 15, 1749, when an imperial decree was issued to establish customs at the mouth of the Temernik River "for collecting tariffs and internal duties on goods brought from the Turkish region and exported from Russia abroad ...". The first references to the Rostov market are in historical documents dated to the forties of the 18th century, but its historical roots go even deeper. At the beginning of the XVIII century, here, at Midday, a small wooden chapel was built, consecrated in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was destined to become a kind of guardian of the future city market.
In 1820, wooden living rooms, which laid the foundation for the formation of the architectural ensemble of the Central Market, were built on the trading area according to the project of the architect Sharzhinsky. The Old Bazaar began to be so named after the New Bazaar, which specialized in the sale of non-food goods, announced itself in 1840. In 1905, it was completely destroyed by fire during the Jewish pogroms and in 1906 it was reopened, but possibly in a different place. There is no exact information about this.
In 1860, on the site of the shabby wooden Nativity of the Virgin Church, a magnificent stone cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built and consecrated. His project was carried out by academician K.A. Ton, and Don merchants S.N. Koshkin and F.N. Mikhailov allocated funds for the construction. In 1878, according to the project of the military architect A. Kampioni, at the expense of the merchant P. Maximov, a 4-tier bell tower was built, which completed the formation of the architectural ensemble of Starobazarnaya Square.
By 1893, the construction of three covered pavilions was completed at the Old Bazaar. The market was designed by urban architect N. M. Sokolov . The projects of the second and third covered markets were demonstrated at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair in 1896, where they were awarded gold medals and became the benchmark for the markets of other cities of Russia. Today, only the third indoor market has been preserved, which has been restored and is now called the clothing pavilion No. 1 of CJSC Central Market, and the other two and the bell tower were destroyed by fascist bombers during World War II. A meat pavilion was built on the site of the ruins in the early 60s of the XX century, which, after reconstruction in 1989-90, acquired its present appearance, now known throughout Russia.
The central market of Rostov-on-Don, 1906 | After the war. The central market of Rostov-on-Don | Soviet time. The central market of Rostov-on-Don | Meat rows of the Central Market of Rostov |
The turbulent second life of the Old Bazaar began in the early 1990s, when before the municipal enterprise was corporatized. From this moment, significant funds were invested in its reconstruction and the construction of new capital facilities. As a result, the clothing pavilions No. 1 and No. 2 were reconstructed. Two more indoor pavilions, now included in the clothing pavilion No. 2, were reconstructed. The historical view of the central entrance to the market from Budennovsky Avenue was restored.