Marchenko, Efim Timofeevich

Efim Timofeevich Marchenko was born on January 1, 1913 in the village of Nikolaevka (now the Belynichsky district of the Republic of Belarus ) ^[1] into a large peasant family - father, mother, six sisters and five brothers (three of them died on the fronts of World War II). Member of the Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940) and World War II . Member of the CPSU (b) .

In 1928 he graduated from 6 classes of a school in the city of Shklov. After graduating from the trade union school of builders, in 1929 he worked at an artificial fiber factory in Mogilev. Then the Komsomol organization sends him to work in the village, where he was soon elected chairman of the village council of the villages of Simonovichi and Golovchino, Belynichesky district. From 1934 to 1935, E.T. Marchenko works as the director of the Belynichesky district procurement office.

Pre-War Service

In the Red Army - since 1935 . It is called up by the Mogilev RVK ( Belorussian SSR , Mogilev region , Mogilev region ). He performs military service until 1937 - he graduates from the regimental school (159th regiment of the NKVD troops) and receives the rank of junior commander of the platoon, and also ends the evening commander in Dnepropetrovsk in 1937. From 1937 to 1939 - in the civil service. He was again drafted into the Red Army in 1939. He finishes the division improvement courses for reserve commanders, receives the first officer rank - lieutenant. Commanding a machine-gun platoon of the 200th Infantry Regiment of the 2nd Infantry Division, he participates in the liberation of Western Belarus. At the beginning of the Soviet-Finnish war - on the North-Western Front . He was connected with the commander of the front, the future Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Tymoshenko, commander of a machine gun company, commissar of a rifle battalion.

During World War II

In the battles of World War II from the first days. I met the war as a lieutenant in Bialystok . He served in the 108th Infantry Division ( Western Front ) as head of the reconnaissance division of the division ( Senior Lieutenant ). Then he commanded a rifle battalion, participates in bloody defensive battles in the areas of Molodechno, Vitebsk, Dukhovshchina, Yartsevo. In August 1941 - the commander of a sabotage detachment, which for two months operates on the rear of the enemy, destroying his manpower and exploding ammunition and weapons depots. Together with the army retreated east to Moscow. Eleven times out of the environment.

“During the fighting of the 108th rifle division on the Vob River from July 1941, Comrade Marchenko, commanding a detachment of night raids, repeatedly showed courage and courage. By a personal example he carried fighters to defeating the enemy, inflicting heavy losses on him.

In the period of exit from the environment comrade Marchenko led a detachment of scouts, personally conducted all intelligence, followed by a detachment of up to 2550 people. During this period, comrade Marchenko showed unlimited devotion to his homeland, even while sick he did not leave his post. A detachment of 2500 people left the encirclement with small losses, thanks to the great merit of Comrade. Marchenko »

- Commander of the 5th Army, Lieutenant General L.A. Govorov , from the award sheet.

In November 1941, E.T. Marchenko was appointed chief of operations of the headquarters, and in June 1943 - chief of staff of the 50th Infantry Division , which defeated the Germans near Moscow. He showed himself in battles near Moscow and E.T. Marchenko, in 1942 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star . The division was transferred to the Seversky Donets region, where it crossed the river, seized a bridgehead on its western shore and fought successfully, knocking Germans out of Donbass, and then crossed the Dnieper in the Dnepropetrovsk area.

Since the end of 1943, the Guard Lieutenant Colonel E.T. Marchenko - chief of staff of the rifle division, from April 6 to June 24, 1944 - commander of the 88th guards rifle division of the 8th guard army , distinguished itself in battles for the liberation of Ukraine, during the crossing of the Ingulets river and in the battles for Apostolovo. ^[2]

From August 10, 1944 until the end of the Great Patriotic War of the Guard, Colonel Marchenko E.T. - Commander of the 39th Guards Rifle Division of the 8th Guards Army . Under his command, the division participated in the Belarusian offensive operation , the liberation of Poland . The regiments of the division received the honorary names "Poznan" and "Lublin" for the liberation of the cities of Poznan and Lublin .

The 39th Guards Rifle Division , under the command of the Guard Colonel Marchenko Efim Timofeevich, distinguished himself in the battles for Berlin . It fought fierce battles on the outskirts of the city, on the Zeelovsky heights and in the city itself, while forcing the Telt and Landver canals in the Tiergarten region, about which Marshal of the Soviet Union V.I. wrote in his memoirs Chuykov . ^[3]

For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders during the breakthrough of the enemy’s defense on the approaches to Berlin and the assault on the city and the courage shown at the same time, on May 28, 1945, the 39th Guards Rifle Division was awarded the fifth order - the Order of Lenin and became one of the eight divisions of the Red Army , awarded five orders during the Great Patriotic War.

“The first day after the war was especially clearly remembered. For us, this day was May 2, 1945 ... Unusual silence ensued. After continuous explosions and rifle-machine gun chatter, now ordinary human conversation and even the noise of passing vehicles were not heard by ears. The impression of absolute silence. The staff at first was a little timid, and then more confidently began to rise in height and walk around. Their faces and clothes were covered with dust and soot. Most of them were unshaven for several days. In hot fights, this somehow did not even strike the eye. robbed people and built their units ... The columns of the mouth are small. Now everyone has become more visible and more noticeable losses. It’s immediately obvious who is not in the ranks. The search for the corpses of their soldiers begins. For some reason, they show in the cinema that people are in these first minutes some unrestrained delight. They shout, throw their hats up, laugh out loud, and so on. That was not so. The behavior and mood of the people was kind of interrogative: did this terrible and unpleasant work really end ?! "The mood of the people was darkened by the lying corpses of their comrades, the moans and bandages of the evacuated wounded . "

- E.T. Marchenko. From unpublished memoirs. ^[four]

Post-War Service

At the end of World War II, E.T. Marchenko for some time continued to remain the commander of the 39th Guards Rifle Division in Germany, as part of the Group of Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany .

He goes to study, and after graduating from the Military Academy of the General Staff named after K.E. Voroshilov , in 1948 he was appointed commander of a separate infantry brigade, from November 1951 to December 1954 - commander of the 57th Guards Rifle Division . Assigned the military rank of Major General .

He served in the Baltic Military District : from December 1954 - commander of the Guards Rifle Corps, from April 6, 1958 to September 23, 1960 - the commander of the 11th Guards Army . May 25, 1959 awarded the rank of lieutenant general .

He was elected to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR V convocation (1959-1963) from the Chernyakhov district of the Kaliningrad region . ^{[5] [6]}

In 1961 he had a serious car accident, after which he served in the military-diplomatic service in Czechoslovakia and Romania until 1966.

In 1966, E.T. Marchenko is appointed first deputy commander of the Ural Military District . But the consequences of a car accident made themselves felt in 1969 , after a heavy operation, E.T. Marchenko is appointed First Deputy Head of the Higher Command Courses Shot .

Retired

Retired from May 1973. He conducted a large public and military-patriotic work. For seven years he was chairman of the Council of Veterans of the 39th Guards Rifle Division, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the 62nd Army ( 8th Guards Army ), which was headed by Marshal of the Soviet Union V.I. Chuykov .

He was a military consultant to the productions of “The Shore” and “Hot Snow” by Y. Bondarev of the Gogol Moscow Drama Theater .

Interest are the memoirs of E.T. Marchenko “Storming Berlin through the eyes of the division commander,” which was never published.

He lived in the city of Moscow. He died on January 24, 1980 . He was buried at Kuntsevsky cemetery .

Orders and medals of E.T. Marchenko are on a personal stand at the Museum of Defense of Moscow .

  USSR :

• Order of Lenin (05/29/1945); ^[7]
• Order of Lenin (05/31/1945); ^[8]
• Order of the Red Banner (08/12/1943); ^[9]
• Order of the Red Banner (03/20/1944);
• Order of the Red Banner (1957 ^[10] );
• Order of Suvorov II degree (04/06/1945) ^[11] ;
• Order of the Red Star (02.28.1942); ^[12]
• Order of the Red Star (1952 ^[10] );
• Medal "For Military Merit" (1947 ^[10] )
• Anniversary medal “For military valor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin "
• Medal "For the Defense of Moscow" ;
• Medal "For the victory over Germany" ;
• Medal “Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” ;
• Medal “Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” ;
• Medal "For the capture of Berlin" ;
• Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" ;
• Medal "Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• Medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and Navy" ;
• Anniversary medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• Anniversary medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• Anniversary medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• 1st Class Medal of Excellence

  NDP :

• Order of the Cross of the Brave (04.24.1946);
• Medal "For Warsaw" (04/27/1946);
• Medal "For the Odra, Nisa and the Baltic" (04/27/1946);
• Foreign medals.

• 39th Guards Rifle Division
• 11th Guards Army

• Site "Feat of the people"
• Museum of Military Glory of the 39th Guards Rifle Division
• The final battle: the assault on Berlin through the eyes of the division commander
• Memoirs of the daughter G.E. Marchenko
• Memoirs of the daughter of Seliverstova (Marchenko) M.E.

• Morozov A.V. “39th Barvenkovskaya”. Moscow, 1981
• Isaev A.V. Berlin on the 45th. Battles in the den of the beast . - M .: Yauza , Eksmo , 2007 .-- 720 p. - (War and we). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 978–5–699–20927–9.
• Marchenko E. T. "From the memoirs of the commander of the 39th guards regiment Colonel E. T. Marchenko" // Military Historical Archive. - 2007. - N 2. - S. 58-59 - ISSN 1606-0219
• Team of authors . World War II: Divisional Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary. - M .: Kuchkovo field, 2011 .-- T. 1. - 736 p. - 200 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9950-0189-8 .