Lateralization of brain functions ( Latin lateralis "lateral, located in the side") - a process occurring in ontogenesis , through which various mental functions are associated with the left or right hemispheres of the brain . As a result of lateralization, the duplication of functions between the hemispheres gives way to specialization, inter-hemispheric asymmetry of mental functions is established, and it becomes possible to speak of the dominant and subdominant hemispheres; at the same time, the specialization of various functions (speech, hearing, vision, leading hand) is differentiated, and a different ratio of hemispheric dominance is possible for each of these functions.
Lateralization in a person goes to the end of adolescence . The lesion of the left hemisphere to 12 years may not entail speech disorders characteristic of similar injuries in adults, since by this age the process of separation of the speech functions of the dominant and subdominant hemispheres is not yet complete. With aging, lateralization can go in the opposite direction, leveling the asymmetry of mental functions.
Attention to hemispheric laterality (asymmetry) was attracted by the French physician Paul Broca in 1865. He found that in patients with speech disorders, an autopsy reveals damage to the left lower back part of the third frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere ( Broca's center ).
See also
- Lateral
- Hemispheric asymmetry
- Shift Yakovlev
Literature
- Lateralization // Great Encyclopedia of Psychiatry / V. A. Zhmurov. - 2nd ed. - 2012.
- Lateralization of the brain functions // Large psychological dictionary / comp. B. Meshcheryakov, V. Zinchenko. - Olma-press, 2004.
- Brain lateralization (brain laterally) // Psychological Encyclopedia = Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology / Raymond Corsini, Alan Auerbach.
- Saveliev A. V. Lateralization of the brain and gender-specific specificity in anthropological biological dynamics and sexual differentiation / in the materials of the 4th congress of obstetricians and gynecologists of Russia. M., Medi EXPO, 2008. p. 471-472. 618 s. ISBN 978-5-94943-045-3.