Yangantau ( Bashk. Yangantau - “burning mountain” ) is a mountain located in the Salavatsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Monument of nature since 1965 .
| Yangantau | |
|---|---|
| Highest point | |
| Absolute height | 504 m |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Republic of Bashkortostan |
| Mountain system | Southern Urals |
Content
Physical-geographical characteristic
Mount Yangantau stretched from East to West for 2.5 km along the right bank of the river. Yuryuzan. The absolute height of the mountain is 143 meters, the height above the level of the Yuryuzan River is 160m (504 meters above sea level) [1] .
The mountain is composed of rocks of the Sakmar and Artinsky tiers of the lower section of the Permian system, crumpled into folds. Structurally, the GPP area is located on the southern outskirts of the Bashkir arch, bounded by a deep fault, along which the Yuryuzan River paved its valley.
On the slopes of the mountain comes hot air saturated with water vapor. The air temperature is from +37 to +150 degrees, and in a well drilled to a depth of 90 meters, the temperature reaches 380 degrees.
In the depths of the mountains, oxidative and reducing reactions of bituminous marls occur. At a depth of 60-90 m are the hot spots. The accumulated heat in a restricted area is long-term due to the weak heat transfer of the surrounding rocks [2] .
History
Scientific studies of the mountain were conducted from the 18th century. (P.S. Pallas, 1773; F.N. Chernyshev, 1881; A.Ya. Gordyagin, 1882, 1885; E.M. Yanishevsky, 1902; A.Bikkel, 1932; G.V. Vakhrushev, 1927, 1957 and etc.)
Many hypotheses were put forward about the nature of the thermal phenomena of the mountain: underground fire from lightning, the reaction of the transition of ferrous oxide to the salt of oxide, the burning of little bituminous rocks, radioactive heat, mutual friction of the city of p. et al. Since the 60s of the 20th century, hypotheses about a natural nuclear reactor and a rare meteorite that became a catalyst for thermal processes have been considered (S. G. Fattahutdinov, 1993).
Yangatau Mountain is also known for sulfur, zinc and radon springs, which became the basis for the creation of the Yangantau balneological resort.
On the slopes of the mountain there are birches, oaks and aspens, alternating with meadow glades and petrophyte steppes. The surviving pines speak of primary coniferous forests. On the mountain and its environs shrub meadow-steppe complexes of steppe cherries, low almonds, caraganas, dog-rose, warty euonymus and feather grass, fescue, thyme are common.
The lower slope of the mountain is covered with cherry-willow thickets. In 1980, on the basis of Mount Yangantau, a reserve and forestry were organized on an area of 3,600 hectares.
Mount Yangantau - a monument of nature since 1965.
Literature
- Bashkir Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. M.A. Ilgamov t. 7. F-Ya. 2011. −624 s. Scientific .. ed. Bashkir Encyclopedia, Ufa.
- Yangantau // Vatandash. - 2000. - № 7. - p. 35.
See also
- Yanardag (mountain) is a burning mountain in Azerbaijan, with torches of natural underground gas.
- Chimera (mountain) is a burning mountain in Turkey, with torches of natural underground gas.
- The burning mountains are smoking mountains of coal in the Amur region of Russia.
- Burning mountain is a mountain in Australia.
Notes
- ↑ Mount Yangantau (Burnt Mountain) (Inaccessible link) . The appeal date is May 26, 2013. Archived November 20, 2012.
- ↑ YANGANTAU - Gorelaya, or Warm, mountain | Ural Library