The Jewish Diaspora ( Hebrew תְּפוּצָה ( Eng. Tfutza ) - forced expulsion, dispersal; Galut (גָּלוּת) is one of the oldest and most well-studied diasporas in the world. The dispersion of the Jews began after the fall of the Kingdom of Israel, at the end of the VIII century BC. [ 1] [2] , then continued during the Babylonian captivity of the VI century BC [3] , increased in the Hellenistic era and, finally, became widespread in the Roman. The uniqueness of the Jewish diaspora is that for a long period of its history the vast majority of Jews turned out to be divorced from of their historical homeland of Judea (Israel), which underwent intensive Arabization and Islamization during the Arab conquests.Thus, unlike the Greeks and Armenians , all Jews in a certain period turned out to be members of the diaspora, effectively losing not only control over their homeland, but also communication with her for many centuries.
History of Old and New Diasporas
The Jewish ethnic core in Israel was recreated again only in the middle of the 20th century. Then the process began, called Aliyah , that is, the settlement of Israel by representatives of various groups of the Jewish diaspora. Emigration to Israel as a whole negatively affected the demography of the diaspora, as it significantly aged, and in some countries with a previously significant Jewish presence (Lithuania, Poland, Romania) decreased to a minimum. Also, deportation (in Spain) and other violent acts against Jews affected the health of the diaspora. The most severe blow for her was the Holocaust in Nazi Germany and in the territories it occupied [4] . Despite this, today about 60% of Jews continue to live outside Israel. Some countries, such as Germany, have a policy of re-creating the Jewish diaspora, often by attracting Jews from the CIS countries. Recently, many demographers and political scientists have also been discussing issues related to the formation of the so-called “new Israeli diaspora” [5] : due to political instability in the region, from 800,000 to 1,000,000 Israeli citizens permanently reside outside it [6] . Among them, a significant number of those who first immigrated to Israel, and then decided to return to the country of origin or move to another country that is more politically and economically stable.
Notes
- ↑ SKETCHES ON THE HISTORY OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE, ed. S. Oettinger
- ↑ 3.2. Palestine: A History of the World Economy - Ed. G. B. Polyak: Textbooks on Economics, Finance, Management
- ↑ Jewish diaspora
- ↑ Jewish demography
- ↑ Jewish Diaspora And Israeli Diaspora
- ↑ The million missing Israelis - Israeli emigration - Foundation for Middle East Peace (Link not available) . Date of treatment May 24, 2013. Archived on May 7, 2013.