Vladimir G. Galperin ( 1912/1913 - 1993 ) - Soviet scientist in the field of aerogasdynamics . The developer of aerodynamic installations TsAGI . Member of the creation of means of rescue and life support crews of spacecraft on the SPE "Star" .
| Vladimir Grigorievich Halperin | |||||||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | December 30, 1912 ( January 12, 1913 ) | ||||||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Tver , Russian empire | ||||||||||||||
| Date of death | December 13, 1993 (80 years) | ||||||||||||||
| Place of death | Moscow , Russian Federation | ||||||||||||||
| A country |  USSR ,  Russia | ||||||||||||||
| Scientific field | mechanic , aerodynamics | ||||||||||||||
| Place of work | TsAGI , Star (NPP) | ||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | MSU (mekhmat) | ||||||||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Biography
Born on December 30, 1912 ( January 12, 1913 ) in Tver . Father Gregory Pavlovich (Gershen Fayvelevich) Halperin (1874–1942) was a native of Shklov, a doctor. Mother Rosa Isidorovna Fundaminskaya (1874-1954) is from the family of a merchant of the 1st guild, a jeweler of Israel-Elia Itskovich Fundaminskogo and Khana Berkova. R. I. Fundaminskaya, a native of Shklov , graduated from the 3rd Women's Gymnasium in Moscow (1890), was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Her brothers are a revolutionary and publisher I. I. Fondaminsky , a narcotus M. I. Fundaminsky , sisters Raisa, Anna and Manya.
In 1937, V. G. Halperin graduated with honors from the Moscow State University . Simultaneously with his studies, he worked at TsAGI , first in Moscow, and then on a new territory in the village of Stakhanovo (since 1947, the city of Zhukovsky ). The first work on aerodynamics published in the mid 1930s. In 1937–1943, he worked at TsAGI on the design and commissioning of a high-speed wind tunnel T-106. Materials of these works served as the basis for the dissertation of the candidate of technical sciences (defended in 1944).
In 1943–1945, together with Academician S. A. Khristianovich , I. P. Gorsky, and A. P. Kovalev, conducted research on the aerodynamics of wings at high flight speeds [1] . In these works, the basic laws that determine the characteristics of the wings at supercritical speeds were established. [2] [3] .
In 1945, V. G. Halperin developed a method for using perforated nozzles on supersonic pipes, which removed the problem of locking a supersonic pipe [4] [5] . Work under his leadership led to the creation of the wind tunnel, which allowed for the first time to exceed the speed of sound and determine the characteristics of the wings at transonic speeds.
As a member of the MAP team of specialists, he flew to Germany in the last days of the Second World War to study captured equipment at the German Aviation Research Institute ( DVL ) near Berlin.
In 1944-1947, studies of the flow around a transonic flow of profiles were carried out, including, experimentally, the law of stabilization or, in foreign terminology, the principle of freezing was discovered [6] .
In 1947, S. A. Khristianovich , V. G. Halperin, M. D. Millionshchikov, and L. A. Simonov published the monograph “Applied Gas Dynamics” in two parts [7] . It summarizes the work of the TsAGI scientific school in this area.
In 1948–1950, aerodynamic designs of three new TSAGI transonic wind tunnels built in the following years were carried out under the direction of V. G. Halperin [5] .
In 1951, as a result of the struggle against cosmopolitanism, V. G. Halperin was dismissed from TsAGI, and then from OKB-670 .
In 1953, V. G. Halperin entered the position of lead designer at the Zvezda plant and specialized in creating means of emergency rescue for pilots and cosmonauts and ensuring the work of cosmonauts in outer space. Since 1955, head of the research department, provided technical guidance and directly carried out theoretical and experimental research and development of rescue and life support tools for astronauts for Vostok , Voskhod , Soyuz , Buran spacecraft, Salyut orbital station, L3 lunar program [8], and installations developed by Zvezda and used since 1969 on all new domestic aircraft.
In 1959–1961, he carried out the technical management of calculations and ground tests of the ejection system of the Vostok spacecraft and participated in the preparation of the flight of Yu. A. Gagarin . He supervised the ground testing of systems simulating space flight for the first spacewalk of cosmonaut Leonov . He participated in the design and testing of systems that ensure the safety of the landing of the astronauts of the Soyuz spacecraft . He worked on the creation of a research and experimental base of the plant, including developing a conceptual diagram of an aerodynamic complex stand for field tests of rescue equipment at transonic and supersonic speeds, determined the main parameters of thermal pressure chambers and deep vacuum chambers for technical and physiological tests of space suits and their systems [9] . In 1970, 1973, 1974-1975, simultaneously with the work of the head of the design bureau (1961-1986), he served as deputy chief designer of the plant for research work.
Retired since 1989.
Awards and prizes
- Stalin Prize of the second degree (1946) - for experimental studies on the aerodynamics of high speeds (1945)
- Stalin Prize of the second degree (1948) - for the creation of new equipment for the production of aerodynamic tests
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1971)
- Order of the Red Star (09/16/1945)
- Medal "For Labor Valor" (1943)
- medals
- two gold medals VDNH
- two silver medals VDNH
- Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences to commemorate the first man’s entry into outer space
- two medals named after Y. Gagarin of the USSR Cosmonautics Federation
Notes
- ↑ Study of the aerodynamic characteristics of wing profiles at high speeds in the TsAGI T-106 high-speed wind tunnel / Khristianovich S. A., Halperin V. G., Gorsky N. P., Kovalev A. P. - M .: BNT NCAP Publishing House 1945. - 120 p. - (Works / Center. Aerohydrodinam. Institute of N. Yu. Zhukovsky)
- ↑ TsAGI - the main stages of scientific activity. 1918-1968 - M., 1976.- with. 344
- ↑ “M. D. Millionshchikov ”50 years of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after N. E. Zhukovsky // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1968. - № 11 p.38-39.
- ↑ Rabinovich BA The cosmonaut space chairs of the Vostok, Voskhod, Soyuz and Buran spacecraft. Notes of an engineer .. - Moscow: MAI-Print, 2019. - P. 96. - 104 p. - ISBN 978-5-7035-2337-7 .
- ↑ 1 2 Amiryants G.A., Byushgens G.S. Great mechanic. To the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician S.А. Khristianovicha. // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - 2008. - V. 78 , № 10 . - ISSN 0869-5873 .
- ↑ V.G. Halperin, I.P. Gorsky, A.I. Kovalev, S.A. Khristianovich Physical basis of transonic aerodynamics // TsAGI Scientific Notes. - 1974. - V. T. , № 5 .
- ↑ Applied gas dynamics: In 2 tons. / Khristianovich S. A., Halperin V. G., Millionshchikov MD, Simonov L. A. - Moscow: TsAGI, 1948. - 145 p.
- ↑ Astronautics and rocket science. Biographical encyclopedia .. - Moscow: AviaRus-XXI, 2006. - p. 136. - 824 p. - ISBN 5-901453-16-6 .
- ↑ Arutyunyan A.G., Afanasenko N.I., Halperin V.G., Severin G.I., Sobolev P.P., Fedorov V.I. A system for leaving an aircraft as a member of the crew. AS No. 653859 dated 11/28/1978 (with priority from 9/4/1970). Plant "Star"