North Moravian dialects

The North Moravian dialect group includes the following dialects ^[3] :

• Southern (Moravian) dialect ( Czech Jižní (moravská) podskupina ).
• Western (Opavian) dialect ( západní (opavská) podskupina ):
  • Southern and western border dialects of the western dialect ( jižní a západní okrajové úseky záp. Podskupiny ),
  • Branicki dialects ( nářečí branické ),
• Eastern (Ostrava) dialect ( východní (ostravská) podskupina ):
  • Upper Ostrava dialects ( nářečí hornoostravické ),
  • North Lochinsky dialects ( úsek severohlúčinský ),
  • Baboruv dialects ( zaniklé nářečí baborowské ) are extinct dialects in the vicinity of the Polish city of Baborow, Opole Voivodeship .

North Moravian dialects are widespread in the eastern and southeastern regions of Czech Silesia with the original Slavic Czech (Silesian) population (the remaining regions of this region are the so-called newly populated areas in which the German dialects were distributed before the Second World War , and after the deportation of the German population to In the years 1945-1946, mixed dialects formed on the basis of dialects of immigrants from various regions of the Czech Republic and partly Slovakia. In the Czech Republic, the region of distribution of North Moravian dialects is located in the eastern and northeastern regions of the Moravian-Silesian Region .

The area of ​​Central Silesian dialects adjoins the area of ​​North Moravian dialects from the north, and the area of ​​South Silesian dialects of the Silesian dialect of the Polish language (in the Czech dialectology, part of the South Silesian dialects in the Czech Republic are referred to as the so-called Polish-Czech mixed-Polish dialects smíšeného pruhu )), small sections of Czech Silesian dialects are located in Poland on the border with the Czech Republic ^[10] . In the southeast, dialects of the North Moravian dialects border on West Slovak Kisutsk and Upper Trenci dialects , in the south, on the dialects of the northern (Wallachian) dialect of the East Moravian dialect group . In the west, North Moravian dialects border the area of ​​distribution of mixed Czech dialects ^{[2] [3]} .

In the 1930s, O. Lysogorsky , a poet and writer born in the city of Frydek-Mistek , expressed the opinion that the population of Czech Silesia is a special Lyash people, different from both Poles and Czechs. In order to unite the inhabitants of Silesia and awaken their national identity, he proceeded to create a literary standard based on his native Upper Ostrava (Fridek) dialects with some features of the dialects of the Opava dialect, syntactic constructions and vocabulary taken from both Czech literary and Polish. For the development of the Lyash language and culture in 1936, O. Lysogorsky founded the society Lašsko perspektywa in Ostrava . After the Second World War, supporters of the formation of self-awareness of the Lyash people among the inhabitants of Czech Silesia abandoned their ideas, the movement for the development of the Lyash language and culture ceased to exist. O. Lysogorsky also abandoned the idea of ​​a separate Lyash people, but continued to write poetry in the language he created. After his death, the language ceased to be used, being in fact the language of poetry of mainly one author ^[11] . The language of Lyash in the works of A. D. Dulichenko was classified as the so-called Slavic micro-language, along with the East Slovak , Chakav , Kaykav , Gradzhigan-Croat , Molis-Slav , Prekmur-Slovenian , Banat-Bulgarian and other "small" Slavic literary.

North Moravian dialects are characterized by the following phonetic and morphological dialectal features ^{[7] [8] [12]} :

Phonetics

1. The lack of opposition to long and short vowels, which contrasts the North Moravian with all other Czech dialects, as well as with the entire Czech-Slovak language range (excluding the East Slovakian dialect ) and brings North Moravian dialects closer to the Lechite range.
2. The presence of a brief / y /: dobry is “good” in contrast to Czech dialects, which are characterized by the diphthonic combination / ej /: dobrej ; Central Moravian (with / ē / in place * ȳ ): dobré and East Moravian (with long / ȳ /): dobrý .
3. The presence of a short / u /: nesu “(they) are”, unlike the Czech dialects in which the diphthong / ou̯ /: nesou̯ is marked ; Central Moravian (with / ō / in place * ū ): nesó and East Moravian (with long / ū /): nesú .
4. The distinction / i / - / y /, which contrasts the North Moravian dialects with the literary language and in all other Czech dialects.
5. Distinguishing / l / - / ł / (or soft / l ' / in place / l / and labial-labial / u̯ / in place / ł /), as in the dialects of the East Moravian dialects, as well as in some peripheral (Central Moravian and Czech southwestern and northeastern dialects. In the literary language, most Czech and Central Moravian dialects / l / - / ł / do not differ.
6. Sounding in the group / sh / (pronunciation as zh ), as in the eastern Central Moravian and East Moravian dialects, the dialect of Czech dialects stuns in / sh /.
7. The presence of soft consonants / s ' /, / z' /, which are spoken in / š /, / ž /: śiň , prośić , źima , vźać , etc. These consonants are absent in the rest of the Czech dialect range.
8. Changes in soft consonants / t ' /, / d' / in dialects in / c ' /, / dz' / or / č /, / dž /: pić , ćicho , chodźić , dźen ' / džen' , etc. These changes unknown to all other dialects of the Czech language.
9. The presence of the combination / šč / in place / st ' /. The combination / st ' / is noted in Czech dialects.
10. The absence of prothetic / v / and / j /, as in the Central Moravian and East Moravian dialects.
11. The voiced type of sandha , as in the eastern Central Moravian and East Moravian dialects, the deaf type of sandha is noted in the literary language and Czech dialects.
12. Paroxytonic stress (on the penultimate syllable), as in most Silesian dialect ^{[~ 1]} adjacent to the North Moravian dialects ^{(~ 1]} (and in the Polish literary language ). The remaining Czech dialects (and the Czech literary language) are characterized by the presence of initial stress (on the first syllable). This feature distinguishes North Moravian dialects (along with the East Slovak dialect) from the Czech-Slovak language subgroup and brings it closer to the East Lechitic language range.

Morphology

1. The presence in feminine nouns of a single number of nominative and accusative cases of the ulica - ulicu type , contrasted with the Czech dialects of ulice - ulici .
2. The form of the verb chtít in the 1st person singular of the present tense chcu . In proper Czech dialects, the form of chci is noted .
3. Verb forms of the 1st person plural of the present tense with the endings -my / -m : n'esemy / n'esem “we carry”, unlike the Czech dialects proper with the distribution of verb forms with the endings -me / -m : neseme / nesem .

Comments

Sources

1. Bělič J. Nástin české dialektologie. - Praha: SPN, 1972.
2. Short D. Czech // The Slavonic Languages ​​/ Edited by Comrie B., Corbett G. - London, New York: Routledge, 1993. - P. 455-532. - ISBN 0-415-04755-2 .
3. Belich J. The state and tasks of Czech dialectology // Questions of linguistics. Number 4. - M .: Nauka , 1968 .-- S. 4-13. (Retrieved May 17, 2013)
4. Skorvid S. S. Czech Language // World Languages: Slavic Languages. - M. , 2005 .-- 36 p. (Retrieved May 17, 2013)

• Lach of Czech . MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships. Archived on May 22, 2013. (Retrieved May 17, 2013)