Gertrude Woker ( German Gertrud Woker ; December 16, 1878 , Bern , September 13, 1968 , Marin-Epanya ) —Swiss peace activist, chemist and fighter for women's rights.
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Biography
It was the daughter of Professor of Old Catholic Theology and History, Philip Woker. Since 1900 she studied organic chemistry at the University of Bern, and in 1903 she defended her doctoral thesis on the topic “Synthesis of 3,4-dioxyflavone”. In 1907, she received the right to teach in high school and became the first female privat-assistant professor of chemistry in German-speaking higher educational institutions. On the occasion of her inauguration, Woker gave a lecture on “Problems of Catalysis Research”, which outlined her future research interests.
With the beginning of the First World War, she joined the anti-war movement, and the main theme of her work was the fight against chemical warfare. Starting with leaflets, in the future, Woker increasingly diversified forms of this protest. At the same time, she acted in the area of women's rights, in particular, demanding that women have the right to vote. In 1915, she became a co-founder of the International Women's Committee for Lasting Peace, later renamed the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom (IJLMS), and was one of the founders of the Swiss branch of IJLMS.
She became one of the pioneers of biochemistry and in 1933, for her innovative work, received the title of extraordinary professor, despite the scientific community’s disapproval of her pacifist-political activities.
In the same year in Germany, the Nazis burnt her book Der kommende Gift- und Brandkrieg und seine Auswirkungen gegenüber der Zivilbevölkerung .
Woker also participated in the work of the Catholic Church and engaged in art.
Since 1957, she led the Swiss branch of the MFLMS.
The streets in Bern and Düsseldorf are named after Walker.
Selected Works
- Skizzen. - Bern: Sturzenegger, 1902.
- Die Katalyse. Allgemeiner Teil: 1910.
- Die Katalyse. Spez. Teil 1: Anorganische Katalysatoren, 1916.
- Die Katalyse. Ii. Teil: Biologische Katalysatoren, 1924–1931.
- Über Giftgase (Vortrag, gehalten beim Kongreß der IFFF in Washington, Mai 1924)
- Wissenschaft und wissenschaftlicher Krieg. - Zürich: Schweiz. Zentralstelle f. Friedensarbeit, 1925.
- Der kommende Giftgaskrieg. - Leipzig: Ernst Oldenburg Verlag, 1925.
- Selbstbiografie. // Führende Frauen Europas. In sechzehn Selbstschilderungen. - München, 1928.
- Giftgas und Tiere. - Zürich: Zentralstelle für Friedensarbeit. 1928.
- Hidigeigeis Ende. - Zürich: Zentralstelle für Friedensarbeit. 1929.
- Der kommende Gift- und Brandkrieg und seine Auswirkungen gegenüber der Zivilbevölkerung. - Leipzig: Ernst Oldenburg Verlag, 1932.
- Bericht über biologischen Krieg. 1949.
- Massenvernichtungs-Waffen, 1952.
- An die Ewiggestrigen. - Zürich (Genossenschaftsdruck), um 1956.
- Die Chemie der natürlichen Alkaloide. - Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1956.
- Atomic Energy and alternative sources of power. - Genf: Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, 1957.
- Atomaufrüstung auch in der Schweiz? - Zürich: Pazifistische Bücherstube, 1958.
- Rettet die Menschheit! Ansprache an dem am 6. Mai 1962 im "Hirschen" in Lörrach stattgefundenen Deutsch-Französisch-Schweizerischen Friedenstreffen, 1962.
- Wie steht es mit der Achtung vor dem menschlichen Leben ?, 1963.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 120255340 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- Швейцарии Swiss Historical Dictionary - 1998.
Literature
- Larsen, Majken. "Der Kampf der Frauen gegen die Hölle von Gift und Feuer". Die IFFF, Gertrud Woker und die Giftgasdiskussion in der Schweiz der Zwischenkriegszeit. - Lizentiatsarbeit, Universität Zürich, 1995.
- Leitner, Gerit von. Wollen wir unsere Hände in Unschuld waschen? Gertrud Woker (1878–1968), Chemikerin & Internationale Frauenliga 1915–1968. - Berlin: Weidler, 1998.
- Lexikon der Frau. - Zürich: Encyclios, 1953-1954. - Bd. 2. - Sp. 1653 f.
- Der Kampf um gleiche Rechte - Le combat pour les droits égaux. - Basel: Schwabe, 2009.
- Autobiographien von Frauen: Ein Lexikon. - Köln: Böhlau, 2010. - ISBN 978-3-412-20585-0 . - S. 944.