Eastern dialects of the East Slovak dialect

In works on early Slovak dialectology, all the dialects of the eastern area of ​​the East Slovak dialect (located mainly within the former Zemplinsky committee (Zemplinsky zhupa) - the administrative unit of the Kingdom of Hungary ) were classified according to the territorial principle as Zemplinsky dialects ^[7] . In particular, Sotack and Uzh dialects are noted by P. Ondrus ^[8] , 1961, and F. Buffa, 1962 as part of the Zemplino dialect group. At the same time, F. Buffa describes some dialectal features inherent in Sotak and Uzh dialects, distinguishing them from Zemplins ^[4] . S. Tobik ( Š. Tóbik ), 1965, singled out uhovskie dialects as a separate dialect unit, while considering Sotak dialects as part of Zemplinski dialects ^[9] .

In classifications F. Buffa ^[4] ; I. Kotulich ( I. Kotulič ) ^[7] , 1962; M. Semjanova ( M. Semjanová ) ^[10] , 1976; K. Palkovič (1981); R. Krajčović ( R. Krajčovič ) ^[8] , 1988, eastern dialects are opposed to the western - Spissky , Sharish and Abov . The division of the East Slovak dialect on the map of I. Ripka, 2001, presented in the Atlas of the Population of Slovakia ( Atlas obyvatel'stva Slovenska ) ^{[1] is} similarly shown.

In the classification published in the Atlas of the Slovak Language ( Atlas slovenského jazyka ), 1968, only Sotak and Uzh dialects belong to the eastern dialects of the East Slovak dialect, they are opposed to the central East Slovenian dialects, to which the Zemplins are dialected together with the Sharysh ( northern and central without the southwest ), and southwestern, including Spish, Abov, and southwestern Sharish dialects ^[2] . J. Štolc gave a similar classification later in the 1994 Slovak Dialectology ( Slovenska dialektologia ) ^[5] .

M. Semyanova proposed an internal differentiation of eastern dialects, distinguishing two branches in them - Zemplinsky and Sotatsk-Uzhsky, in particular, she singled out in Zemplins dialects, presented in most studies on Slovak dialectology as a homogeneous range, smaller ranges, each of which has its own circle of local dialect traits ^{[10] [11]} :

• Zemplinskie dialects
  • Upper Samplins dialects
  • Sred Zemplinsky dialects
  • Lower Samplins dialects
• Sotack-uzhsky dialects
  • Sotack dialects
  • Uzh dialects

The main distribution area of ​​the eastern dialects of the East Slovak dialect are primarily the historical regions of Zemplin and Ug (the north-western regions of the former Hungarian committee of Ung ) - in the eastern parts of modern Kosice and Prešov regions of eastern Slovakia .

In the west, the eastern dialects of the East Slovak dialect border on the rest of the eastern Slovak dialects - the western : Spysky , Sharysh and Abov dialects (according to the map of J. Stolz - with Zemplins ).

A significant part of the distribution area of ​​eastern dialects (in the north, east, and southeast) is bordered by the area of ​​the Rusynsky dialects of the Lemkovo dialect (island Lemian dialects are also found in the easternmost range of the East Slovak dialects).

From the south, eastern dialects are adjoined by areas of Slovak dialects of heterogeneous dialects, spread in stripe with Hungarian dialects , or directly by regions of the Hungarian language ^{[1] [12] [13]} .

A number of dialects of Slovaks inhabiting villages of the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine show features of certain dialects of the eastern range of the East Slovak dialect (formed mainly as a result of the resettlement of Slovaks from eastern Slovakia in the 18th-19th centuries) ^[14] . So, dialects with a predominance of Zemplin features (along with Sharish and Abov ones) are noted in the villages of Antalovtsy , Sredny and Zabrod ; mixed Abov-Sharish-Zemplin dialects are common in the villages of Dolgoye , Kolchino , Lisichovo , Turya Remety , Veliky Berezny and in the town of Perechin ; mixed Zemplinsky-Uzh dialects are known in the villages of Domanynci and Storozhnitsa ; mixed Uzh-Sotak dialects are common in the village of Kamianycka Huta ^[6] .

F. Buffa attributed to the dialect differences, distinguishing eastern dialects, the presence of a vowel / o / in words like pisok , statočni ; pronunciation of a non-syllable [u̯] at the place of the consonant / v / at the end of the syllable before the consonant and at the end of the word; the presence of prepositions gu , medźi , u ; consonant pronunciation [ś] in the combination / str /; -oj ending in animate masculine singular nouns in the dative and local cases; the endings -omu , -oho in adjectives of masculine and neuter gender in the forms of the genitive and dative cases of the singular ^[10] .

In general, eastern dialects are contrasted with western dialects according to the following features ^[4] :

1. The presence of a vowel / o / in words like pisok , statočni , etc. In Western dialects - a vowel / e /: pisek , statečni , etc.
2. The pronunciation of the bilabial [u̯] in the place of the consonant / v / at the end of the syllable before the consonant and at the end of the word: stau̯ , ou̯ca , etc. In Western dialects - the stunning of the consonant / v / in this position: staf , ofca , etc.
3. The pronunciation of [ś] in the group / str /: śtreda , śtriblo , etc. In Western dialects, the pronunciation of [s] in the group / str /: streda , striblo , etc.
4. The presence of / j / before / sc /: bol'ejsc , ňejsc , etc. In Western dialects, the absence of / j / before / sc /: bol'esc , ňesc , etc.
5. The pronunciation of the words gu , medźi , vun , contrasted with western ku , medzi , on .
6. The ending -oj in animate masculine singular nouns in the dative and local cases: sinoj , chlapcoj , etc. In western dialects, the ending -ovi is common : sinovi , chlapcovi , etc.
7. Singular feminine nouns in the dative and local cases with the ending -oj : na lukoj , na rukoj , etc. In Western dialects - nouns with the ending -e : na luce , na ruce or na luke , na ruke and t . P.
8. The endings -omu , -oho in adjectives of masculine and neuter gender in the forms of the genitive and dative cases of the singular: dobromu , dobroho . In western dialects - endings -emu , -eho : dobremu , dobreho .

Sources

• Bartko L., Dzendzelivska NJ, Lipták Š. K charakteristike slovenských nárečí na Zakarpatskej Ukrajine // Slavica Slovaca, roč. 33. - Bratislava, 1998. - No. 1 . - S. 3-17 . (Retrieved May 13, 2013)
• Karpinský P. Východoslovenská nárečia (výsledky výskumu v období 1960-2000) // Slovo o slove. Zborník Katedry komunikačnej a literárnej výchovy Pedagogickej fakulty Prešovskej univerzity, ročník 15. - Prešov, 2009. - P. 20-35 . - ISBN 978-80-8068-972-8 . (Retrieved May 13, 2013)
• Semjanová M. Pokus o vnútornú diferenciáciu zemplínskych nárečí // Nové Obzory. - Prešov, 1976. - No. 18 . - S. 371-378 . (Retrieved May 13, 2013)

• Pitt.edu - Map of Slovak Dialects. Archived May 12, 2013. (Retrieved May 13, 2013)