Jabarites , or jabrits ( Arabic: جبرية ) - representatives of one of the first Islamic worldview schools, which - in contrast to the kadarites - recognized Allah as the only true actor ( file hakiki ), the cause of all the actions taking place in the world, including those coming from people. The Jabra school originated during the reign of the Umayyad dynasty in Basra . The first representative of this school was al-Jaad ibn Dirham (executed in 724) [1] .
| Dimensions | |
|---|---|
| Arab. جبرية | |
| General information | |
| Other names | jabrits |
| Base | 8th century |
| Founder | al-Jaad ibn Dirham |
| The founders | Jahm ibn Safwan , Dirar ibn Amr , al-Hussein al-Najjar |
| Religion | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Flow | sunnism |
| Opponents | inventories |
Content
Teaching
Jabriths were supporters of absolute divine predestination [2] . They believed that a person does not carry out his actions freely, but is compelled ( majbur ) by Allah [3] . The “true” jabarites included jahmites , the followers of al-Hussein al-Najjar ( najjarit ), Dirara ibn Amra ( dirarits ) and Abul-Hassan al-Ashari ( asharites ) were considered “moderate” jabarites. "Moderate" dzhabarits adhered to various versions of the concept of kasb (Arabic. - appropriation), thereby occupying a "compromise position in relation to the concept of kadarits." They believed that two “actors” participate in the implementation of human actions - Allah , who creates these actions, and the person who “assigns them” [4] .
Currents
- Jahmites
Jahmites are followers of Jahma ibn Safwan, who greatly developed the teachings of Ibn Dirham. The Jahmites claimed that heaven ( jannat ) and hell (jahannam) are not eternal, and denied the possibility of seeing Allah in paradise. They also considered the Qur'an to be created [2] .
- Najjarites
Al-Hussein al-Najjar believed that the ability of a person to "appropriation" and the act of "appropriation" are created by God in man along with the creation of the action. For this reason, among the Najjarites, a person is the initiator of actions only in the "figurative sense" [4] .
- Diarites
Dirar ibn Amr believed that this ability and this act are derived from the free will of man. In this sense, a person is a true initiator of his actions [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Islam: ES, 1991 , p. 64.
- ↑ 1 2 Ali-zade, A.A., 2007 .
- ↑ Islam: ES, 1991 , p. 57-58.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Gogiberidze, 2009 , p. 49-50.
Literature
- Ali-zade, A.A. Jabrits // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007.
- Gogiberidze G. M. Islamic explanatory dictionary. - Rostov n / a : Phoenix, 2009 .-- 266 p. - (Dictionaries). - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-222-15934-7 .
- Ibragim T.K. and Sagadeev A.V. al-Jabriya // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science , GDVL , 1991 . - S. 57-58. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .