Solbingin Shizhee

Shizhe was born in 1901 on the territory of the Commissariat for direct management and support of the population of the Jinghe River region of Xinjiang province (now this territory is the Boro-Tala-Mongol Autonomous Region of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC) ^[2] . During the Mongol revolution of 1921, he was a partisan, and then became the head of the prison. In 1923, he joined the MPRP and began working in the Central Committee. By this time, Shizhee was known as one of the few youngest and most radical party members from the rural outback, in which the Soviet Union saw a counterbalance to the "old guard" of the MPRP (besides him, this group included Tsengaltiyn Zhigzhidzhav , Ulziytin Badrakh , Bat-Ochirin Eldev -Ochir , Zhambyn Lumbe and Paljidiyn Ghenden ) ^[3] . He was enrolled in the Communist University of the Workers of the East in Moscow and there he was involved in campaigning among students of the Xinjiang Hui and organizing the supply of arms and revolutionary fighters to Xinjiang , as part of the Sovietization plan for East Turkestan. At this time, Shizhe first met Badrakh , and they discussed the possibility of creating autonomous republics in the non-Khalkh Mongolian regions where the Derbets lived (aimak UVS MPR, Tannu-Tuva and Xinjiang) ^[2] .

Shizhe returned to Mongolia in 1928. He was elected secretary of the Central Council of Trade Unions of Mongolia, and then in 1928-1929. Appointed Head of Internal Security Directorate. After in 1929-1930 he became chairman of the Council of the State Bank. He was one of several “new leftists” nominated for leadership positions in the party at the VIII Party Congress in 1930 ^[4] , where he was elected a member of the Presidium (or Politburo) of the Central Committee of the MPRP and became one of the three secretaries of the Central Committee of the party. (He will hold this position until June 30, 1932). From March 13, 1931 to June 30, 1932 he was the first secretary of the Central Committee.

Being one of the most extreme left in the MPRP ^[5] , Shizhe actively promoted the policy developed in the USSR, including forcible collectivization of the Arats, suppression of private trade and the seizure of property from nobles and Buddhist monasteries. As a result, the number of livestock fell by a third ^[6] , more than 800 households belonging to the upper class and the Buddhist church were confiscated, and more than 700 people, mainly from the upper classes of society, were executed ^[7] . When in 1932, in response to harsh measures, armed uprisings swept all over Western Mongolia, Moscow demanded an unpopular policy to be curtailed and blamed the excesses on those who were dubbed “left deviators”, Shizhe and other uncompromising leftists in the party’s leadership, including Ulziytin Badraha and Prime Minister Tsangaltiyn Zhigzhidzhava . All of them were officially expelled from the party in May 1932.

Shizhe was sent to Moscow, where he worked as a junior researcher in the cabinet of Mongolia at the Communist University of the East Workers ^[8] . On December 17, 1937, Shizhe was arrested. Shizhe's father, a simple shepherd in Mongolia, was also arrested ^[9] . Three and a half years later, on July 9, 1941, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, on charges of participating in a counter-revolutionary nationalist organization and espionage, sentenced Shizhe to death. He was shot on July 27, 1941 at the Kommunarka training ground ^[8] . He died one day Anandyn Amarom , Dansranbilegijn Dogsom and Dorzhzhavyn Luvsansharav , who were shot on the same day.

Shizhe was rehabilitated on December 15, 1956 in the USSR ^[8] , according to other sources only in 1963 ^[2] , probably in Mongolia.