Macedonism or Macedonian nationalism is a political doctrine and ideology [1] [2] , which substantiates the past and present of Macedonian national and ethnic identity , the independence and significance of the Macedonian language , nation and culture. Historically, the current has opposed internationalism (including Yugoslavism , communism and Titoism ), as well as Bulgarian , Greek and Serbian (Great Serbian) nationalism [3] [4] . Macedonian ideology was the official doctrine in the Republic of Macedonia [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] .
History
Macedonism appeared as an independent idea in the second half of the 19th century [10] . The term Macedonist was first used in the article “The Macedonian Question” ( Macedonian question ) by Bulgarian publicist Petko Slaveykov , published in the journal “Macedonia” in 1871 [11] . It criticizes the Macedonists for the ideas of the 1860s.
The process of mass Macedonization of the Macedonian Slavs began with the filing of Tito in the 1940s and 1950s.
The Bulgarian historian Bozidar Dimitrov, who is the director of the National History Museum of Bulgaria , said in July 2014 that Macedonism is a crime against humanity. Dimitrov claims that the Macedonian nation, language and state were created in 1944 by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia . He recalls that everyone who continued to call himself Bulgarian in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia was threatened with imprisonment of 3.5 years. Dimitrov believes that since Macedonism was imposed on the territory of the former Yugoslav republic by force, it should be submitted for discussion to an international court in Strasbourg or The Hague [12] .
Notes
- ↑ Michailidis, 2007 , p. eleven.
- ↑ Tyulekov, 2007 , p. 18: "... Macedonism is a tool that is okupatory and a chauvinistic policy for the Great Bourgeoisie is chauvinistic ..."
- ↑ Tsarnushanov, 1992 , p. 9: “In the book“ Macedonism and the Controversy on Macedonia, I will cut it off ”for an explanation of the idea of separatist Macedonian ethnicity, you can take it into manifestation: they do not come from a means of great Serbism for defeating part of the Bulgarian people in the golem; neinite agenti - organisation on srbskata propaganda I will cut the bulgarite; “Neiyat’s failure when he took a break to the right to cross it and cover it - a bit of an assault was imposed with alien gunfire under the leadership of the SKP when leaving the country to defeat the country, Bulgaria was defeated.”
- ↑ Genov & Krasteva, 2001 , p. 74.
- ↑ Ramet, 1999 , p. 252.
- ↑ Labauri, 2008 .
- ↑ Michailidis, 2007 , p. 12: "... Macedonism, the official is rusty, totalitarian ideology, kultivirana in Skopje.".
- ↑ Kentrotis, 1994 , pp. 85-101.
- ↑ Bechev, 2009 , pp. 139-140.
- ↑ Kostov, 2010 , pp. 65-66.
- ↑ Slaveykov, Petko . Macedonian question (Bulgarian) // Macedonia. - Tsarigrad, 1871. - 18 Januari ( br. 3 ).
- ↑ Bugariјa zborua for his visitation, and a nivniot historian for not standing on Macedoncite ( Maced .) . ZaSe.mk (August 2014). Date of appeal May 21, 2018.
Literature
- Adonov-Poljanski, H. Documents on the Struggle of the Macedonian People for Independence and a Nation-state: From the settlement of the Slavs in Macedonia up to the end of the First World War. - Skopje, Macedonia: Univerzitet “Kiril i Metodij”, Fakultet za filozofsko-istoriski nauki, 1985.
- Banač, I. The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics. - Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984. - ISBN 0801494931 .
- Bechev, D. Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia . - Lanham, MD, USA: Scarecrow Press, 2009 .-- ISBN 0810862956 .
- Danforth, L. The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world. - Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 1995. - ISBN 0691043566 .
- Genov, N., Krasteva, A. Recent Social Trends in Bulgaria, 1960-1995 . - Montreal, Que: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001 .-- ISBN 0773568255 .
- Gersin, K. Mazedonisch und das Turkische Problem. - Wien: Kratz, Helf & Co., 1903.
- Kentrotis, K. Echoes from the Past: Greece and the Macedonian Controversy // Mediterranean politics / R. Gillespie (Ed.). - London; Madison, NJ: Pinter Publishers; Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1994 .-- P. 85-103. - ISBN 0838636098 .
- Kostov, C. Contested ethnic identity: the case of Macedonian immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996 . - Oxford New York: Peter Lang, 2010 .-- ISBN 3034301960 .
- Michailidis, I. (Ed.). Μacedonianism: FYROM's Expansionist Designs against Greece, 1944-2006 . - Athens: Society for Macedonian Studies, 2007 .-- ISBN 9789608326309 .
- Ramet, SP (Ed.). The Radical Right: In Central and Eastern Europe Since 1989 . - University Park, PA, USA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. - ISBN 0271043792 .
- Roth, K., Brunnbauer, U. (Eds.). Region, regional identity and regionalism in Southeastern Europe. - Berlin; London Münster: LIT Verlag, 2008 .-- ISBN 3825813878 .
- Taškovski, D. The Macedonian nation. - Skopje: Nasha Kniga, 1976.
- Todorova, M. Bones of contention the living archive of Vasil Levski and the making of Bulgaria's national hero. - Budapest; New York: Central European University Press, 2009 .-- ISBN 9639776246 .
- White, G. Nationalism and territory: constructing group identity in Southeastern Europe. - Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000 .-- ISBN 0847698092 .
- Kirchanov, M. Nationalist model of political modernization and transformation of European peripheries. - Voronezh: FMO, 2009. - ISBN 5-000010-46-9 .
- Labauri, D.O. The Bulgarian National Movement in Macedonia and Thrace in 1894-1908: Ideology, program, practice of political struggle. - Sofia: AI “Prof. Marine Drinov, 2008. - ISBN 9789543223176 .
- Rittich, Alexander Fedorovich . My opinion about the Macedonians // Macedonian voice. - SPb. : The Macedonian Colony, 1914. - No. 11 . - S. 217-218 .
- Tyulekov, Dimitar. Political meeting for "Macedonian Maltsinstvo" in Bulgaria. - Sofia: Institute of Macedonian Scientific Research - Blagoevgrad Branch, 2007. - ISBN 9548187728 .
- Hristov, Hristo. Macedonism is a political concept in the region in the 19th century and began in the 20th century (Bulgarian) // Historically - Sofia: BAN, 1979.- T. 3 . - S. 23-40 .
- Cron, Carl. Ethnicity in Macedonian Slovenia / Karl Hron, editorial staff and commentators Hristo Andonov-Polјanski. - Skopje: Archive on Macedonia, 1966.
- Tsarnushanov, Costa. Macedonism and the opposition to Macedonia I will cut him off . - Sofia: UI “St. Clement Ohridski, 1992.