Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 - November 29, 1980) is an American journalist, social activist, activist and one of the founders of the Catholic Workers Movement , a supporter of the philosophy of distributionism (Catholic economic theory). In the 1930s, she actively participated not only in the workers' movement , but also in the pacifist and anti-war movement (including encouraging believing Catholics to evade conscription during the Second World War). She herself often called herself an anarchist .
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| Awards and prizes | [d] ( 1975 ) [d] ( 1971 ) National Women's Hall of Fame ( 2001 ) [d] ( 1972 ) [d] ( 1973 ) |
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Biography
Born in a Protestant family, had three brothers and one sister. In her youth she became pregnant from her lover, but at his request she was forced to have an abortion. She first married a wealthy publisher, but this marriage soon broke up, after which she remarried and gave birth to a daughter.
In 1914-1916, she studied at the University of Illinois, becoming interested in studying the works of Marx and other socialist authors, and then joined the Socialist Party . From 1916, returning to New York, and until 1918 she worked as a journalist in a number of newspapers, then she was a nurse for two years, after which she returned to journalism and worked in this capacity in Chicago and New Orleans. In 1927, she decided to convert to Catholicism and was baptized, which led to the severance of relations with her family.
In May 1933, she became one of the founders of the Catholic Worker magazine, around which the Catholic Workers Movement was formed. Actively wrote for this magazine about poverty, participated in the creation of shelters for the homeless, the first of which she founded in her own apartment; by 1936 there were already more than 30 such houses, and for his activities in this direction Day in 1971 received the international Pacem in Terris Prize.
In 1971-1973, she actively participated in protests against the Vietnam War, as a result of which she was arrested several times. During the Second Vatican Council, she led a group of women on hunger strike, demanding that the Council condemn the war as such.
The modern Catholic Church has not yet decided the question of its canonization or beatification, but after death it was awarded the status of the Servant of God . Pope Francis , speaking before the US Congress, named her on the list of distinguished Americans along with such figures as Abraham Lincoln , Martin Luther King and Thomas Merton .
Bibliography
- William Miller (1982) Dorothy Day: A Biography.
- Rosalie G. Riegle [Troester] (2003) Dorothy Day: Portraits by Those Who Knew Her. Orbis Books.
- Nancy L. Roberts (1984) Dorothy Day and the Catholic Worker. SUNY Press.
- Sheila Webb, "Dorothy Day and the Early Years of the Catholic Worker: Social Action through the Pages of the Press," US Catholic Historian, vol. 21, no. 3 (Summer 2003), pp. 71–88.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Blain V. , Grundy I. , Clements P. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English : Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present - 1990. - P. 273.