Monument to Michael Kutuzov - Moscow monument to the Russian commander, statesman and diplomat Mikhail Kutuzov . Established in 1973 near the museum-panorama " Battle of Borodino ". The authors of the project are sculptor Nikolai Tomsky and architect Lev G. Golubovsky [1] [2] [3] .
Monument | |
Monument to Mikhail Kutuzov | |
---|---|
Monument in 2004 | |
A country | Russia |
City | Moscow , Kutuzov Avenue , Building 38 |
Sculptor | Nikolay Tomsky , Anatoly Ivanovich Beldyushkin, Boris Edunov , Alexey Alexandrovich Murzin, A. N. Tomsky |
Architect | Lev G. Golubovsky |
Founding date | |
Building | 1945 - 1973 |
Status | Object of the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation . Object No. 7735656000 (Wikigid BD) Identified No. 13414700 No. 13414700 |
Material | bronze granite |
Content
Description
The commander is depicted in full dress uniform on horseback. The prototype of the stallion was the horse Sophist of the hero of the Red Army Semyon Budyonny [4] . In his right hand, Kutuzov holds a telescope. The monument is placed on a seven-meter rectangular granite pedestal with bronze inscriptions: "Michael Illarionovich Kutuzov" and "Glorious sons of the Russian people who won in the Patriotic War of 1812 " . On the basement pedestal on three sides are bronze high reliefs . On the one hand, they are dedicated to the officers and comrades of Mikhail Kutuzov: Peter Bagration , Barclay de Tolly , Matvey Platov , Dmitry Dokhturov , Alexander Tuchkov , Nikolai Raevsky , Alexander Kutaisov , Alexei Yermolov , Dmitry Neverovsky , Pyotr Lihachev, and Petr Pyotr, and Pyotr Neuterovsky ; On the other hand, to ordinary soldiers: Mikhailov, Korennoy , Ruchkin, Alekseev, Zolotov, Pavlov, Matveyev. On the third - to the people's militias and partisans: Alexander Seslavin , Alexander Figner , Gerasim Kurin , Denis Davydov and Vasilisa Kozhina . All sculptures are made with high precision. You can see the facial features, characters and intentions of each participant of this composition [1] [2] [5] .
History
In May 1912, the Committee of Adherents of the Memory of the Patriotic War began to raise funds by subscribing to the creation of a monument to Mikhail Kutuzov. By January 1, 1916 the amount amounted to 50,653 rubles 77 kopecks. However, this money was not enough. The project turned because of the revolution of 1917 [5] [6] [7] .
The next attempt to erect a monument in Moscow was made in 1945 - in connection with the two hundred year anniversary of the commander's birth. Joseph Stalin personally signed a decree on installation on September 8 of the same year. The sculptor chose Nicholas Tomsky. They did not have time to build the monument: with the beginning of the leadership, Nikita Khrushchev launched a policy of fighting the cult of personality , the project was frozen due to the signature of Stalin. However, in 1962, at the initiative of Khrushchev, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU adopted decision No. P58 / XI "On the construction of a monument to commemorate the victory of the peoples of our country in the Patriotic War of 1812 and on the restoration of the Freedom Monument" [7] [6] [8] .
To erect a monument in honor of the victory of the peoples of our country in the Patriotic War of 1812, in which to embody the image of M. Kutuzov and other prominent commanders, in Moscow, on the site of the proposed monument to M. Kutuzov. To oblige the Ministry of Culture of the USSR and the Moscow City Executive Committee to hold in 1962 a competition for the best draft of the specified monument <...> In changing the resolution of the Council of People 's Commissars of the USSR of September 8, 1945 N 2399, setting up a monument to M. Kutuzov in Moscow is inappropriate.
- From the text of the decision [8]
52 sculptural projects participated in the all-Union open competition, in addition to them 45 written proposals of its appearance were received. All works were exhibited in the Central Exhibition Hall of Moscow. On September 11, 1963, a public discussion of the works was held, in which representatives of various organizations, institutions and the artistic community participated. In early October of the same year, a meeting of the jury of the competition was held, which rejected all projects [8] .
The jury concluded that in none of the projects ... the theme of the heroic victory of the Russian army and the peoples of Russia over Napoleon's invading army ... did not find an artistic and figurative embodiment. The ideological content of the submitted projects in most cases did not correspond to the breadth and meaning of the displayed topic. In this regard, the jury did not recommend the implementation of any of the projects and did not consider it possible to award the first and second prizes.
- From the report of the Minister of Culture Ekaterina Furtseva and the Chairman of the Moscow City Executive Committee Vladimir Promyslov in the Central Committee of the CPSU on November 17, 1963 [8]
December 29, 1963 came the decision of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which decided to hold a closed customized competition with the involvement of several creative teams. However, it did not take place. Two years later, folk artists of the USSR Sergey Konenkov , Matvey Manizer , Valentin Serov and Hero of Socialist Labor, architect Vladimir Gelfreich sent a letter to the CPSU Central Committee with a request to establish a monument to the work of Nikolai Tomsky on the Borodino field [8] .
In 1962, the People's Artist of the USSR N.V. Tomsky completed work on the monument to M.I. Kutuzov and the glorious sons of the Russian people who won the Patriotic War of 1812. The deep patriotic idea of the monument is revealed by the sculptor in an artistically convincing, clear and expressive plastic language. Unfortunately, the question of the place of construction of the monument has not yet been resolved. The model of the monument, cast in a plaster, cannot be stored for a long time, and therefore now there is a danger that this significant monumental work - the result of many years of work by the sculptor N. V. Tomsky may die [8] .
The petition was granted, but the installation of the monument was again delayed. The reason was the fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution and the centenary of Vladimir Lenin and, as a result, the high employment of workshops and factories of monumental sculpture, which prepared the sculptures for the celebrations. The work began only after Nikolai Tomsk received the Lenin Prize in 1972 [8] .
The opening of the monument took place on July 16, 1973 near the museum-panorama " Battle of Borodino ". The architect was Lev G. Golubovsky. Sculptors Anatoly Ivanovich Beldyushkin, Boris Edunov , Alexey Alexandrovich Murzin, A. N. Tomsky [1] [2] [9] participated in the creation of the monument.
Other monuments
Kutuzov hut
Object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. № 771410665800005 ( ЕГРОКН ). Object No. 7735396000 (Wikigid BD)
Identified No. 13414677 No. 13414677
The monument is located in front of the museum " Kutuzov hut ". Established in 1958. The author of the project is also a sculptor Nikolai Tomsky [7] [3] . In 2004, recognized as an object of cultural heritage of regional significance [10] . In 2011, the monument was restored: the casting defects were eliminated, the bronze patina was restored, the pedestal was strengthened with chemical composition, the foundation was waterproofed [11] [12] .
The monument is a bronze bust of bust , which is placed on a white-stone pedestal with the inscription "M. I. Kutuzov ” [2] [9] .
Tashkent Street
Installed at the end of Tashkent street in 1997 to the 185th anniversary of the Patriotic War . The authors are sculptor Vladimir Glebov-Vadbolsky and architect Yu. V. Dremin [13] [14] . It is a bust bronze bust commander. The warlord is depicted in a ceremonial military uniform with military regalia. The sculpture is placed on a high granite pedestal. On it there is a figured one-piece bronze memorial tablet with the inscription: “ Mikhail Ill. Kutuzov ” [15] [16] .
Red Pakhra
Opened on September 1, 2012 in honor of the bicentenary of victory in the Patriotic War. It was installed at the place where the commander's headquarters were located in the autumn of 1812 — on Kutuzov Square in the village of Krasnaya Pakhra . Made with donations from local residents. The author of the project is a sculptor Alexander Rozhnikov . The monument is a six-meter bronze sculpture. The commander is depicted in full growth rapidly walking in a flowing cloak [17] [18] [19] .
Bust of Mikhail Kutuzov at Kutuzov hut in 2015
Sculptor Alexander Rozhnikov at the opening of the monument in Krasnaya Pakhra in 2012
Monument on Tashkent street in 2016
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Doronin, 2017 , p. 208.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kozhevnikov, 1983 .
- ↑ 1 2 Vostryshev, 2009 , p. 226.
- ↑ Anastasia Rogova. Monuments to horses: the faint of heart are asked not to watch . Pravda.Ru (September 15, 2018). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Monument to M. I. Kutuzov . Kultura.RF (2016). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Daria Bystrova. Portrait in the street interior . Moscow Perspective (May 15, 2017). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lebedeva, 2010 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Maksimenkov, 2012 , p. 48.
- ↑ 1 2 Shokarev, Vostryshev, 2018 , p. 423.
- ↑ Ordinance of the Government of Moscow No. 1608-RP “On the Acceptance of Identified Cultural Heritage Sites of the City of Moscow under State Protection” The Internet portal MosOpen.ru - Electronic Moscow (August 10, 2004). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Polina Anisimova. Monuments to Kutuzov and Bagration will be much prettier . Nezavisimaya Gazeta (November 10, 2011). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Restoration of the monument to Kutuzov in the west of Moscow is completed . RIA News (November 25, 2011). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Monuments . Sculptor V. V. Glebov-Vadbolsky (2016). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Monuments to Tchaikovsky, Kutuzov and Dante will be repaired in Moscow . The official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow (September 13, 2017). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Local historian told how Napoleon got lost in the fire of Moscow . Life.ru (September 10, 2015). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Anastasia Andreeva. Metropolitan monuments to Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Mikhail Kutuzov and Dante are waiting for repairs . Evening Moscow (September 13, 2017). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ The monument to Field Marshal Kutuzov opened in the “new” Moscow . TASS (September 1, 2012). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Olga Ignatova. Kutuzov arrived ... . Russian newspaper (August 20, 2012). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Dmitry Butkevich. "The age-old folk dream come true" . Kommersant (October 5, 2012). The appeal date is December 8, 2018.
Literature
- Vostryshev MI Moscow: all cultural and historical monuments. - M .: Algorithm, Eksmo, 2009. - 512 p. - ISBN 978-5-699-31434-8 .
- Doronina L.N. Monuments of Moscow. - M .: Planet, 2017. - 473 p. - ISBN 978-5-9909240-7-9 .
- Kozhevnikov R. Sculptural monuments of Moscow . - M .: Moscow Worker, 1983. - 318 p.
- E. Lebedeva. The victory of 1812, forgotten by the authorities // Golden Lion: Journal. - 2010. - February 1 ( No. 231-232 ).
- Maksimenkov Leonid. The Adventures of Kutuzov in the USSR // Ogonyok: Magazine. - 2012. - September 17 ( No. 37 ).
- Shokarev S., Vostryshev M. All Moscow from A to Z. - 2018. - ISBN 5041013799 . - ISBN 9785041013790 .