Su Sung ( Su Zi-jun , whale. 苏颂, posthumous title of Wei-go-gun; 1020 - 19 June 1101 ) - Chinese encyclopedic scholar and statesman of the Song dynasty .
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Biography
Born in the city of Nanan, Quanzhou region (in the territory of the modern Fujian province ) in the family of official Su Shen. After the death of the father, the family was forced to move to the city of Danyang in the region of Rinzhou ( Jiangsu province). From early childhood, Su Song was interested in the sciences, especially astronomy, and already in 1042 (at the age of 22) he was able to pass exams for the highest level of Jinshi.
After that, Sun Song was appointed a provincial official in Xuzhou, and in 1053 he was appointed editor in the imperial library (huan-he). After eight years of service in the library in 1061, he was appointed governor of the province of Yingzhou, agreeing to this position in the hope of improving the financial situation of his family, but in 1063 he returned to the capital Bianjin ( Kaifeng ), where he remained until 1071. Then he was again sent to bureaucratic work in the provinces, first becoming governor of Wuzhou (Zhejiang province), from 1073 - Haozhou, from 1075 - Intian, and from 1076 - Hangzhou. In 1077, he was able to return to work in the capital: this happened after the resignation of political reformer Van Anshi , who was his enemy, in 1076.
In 1077, Su Song was sent as ambassador to the Khitan state of Liao . In 1078 he was appointed the mayor of the capital Bianjin (Kaifeng), but soon he was demoted when he voluntarily accepted responsibility for the mistakes of his subordinates, and again found himself at work in the province: he served as governor of Haozhou until 1079 and then Cangzhou to 1080. In 1081 was able to return to the ministry of ranks, where in 1082 he became deputy minister (Chibu Shilan); with the ascension to the throne in 1086, Zhe-tsung was appointed Minister of Justice (Sinbu Shanshu), in 1087 he became Minister of Officials and Chief Connoisseur of Canons (Shida), in 1089 became Secretary of the Hanlin Academy, in 1090 he was appointed Deputy Chancellor (Shanxi Tszochen), and in 1092 - the Chancellor.
In 1093 , however, he left office as the influence of reformers led by Zhang Dong intensified at the court, and he became mayor of Yangzhou. In 1095, he resigned and settled near the tomb of his father in Jinkou. Emperor Hui-tszung, who ascended the throne in 1100 , as a sign of respect for his merits granted him the status of trustee heir (taiji tai-bai), but on June 19, 1101, Su Song died at his home in Jinkou. He was buried on the northeastern spur of Uchushous Mountain in the village of Ili, Dantu County, Jiangsu Province.
Heritage
Su Sung left the works in the field of medicine, pharmacology, mineralogy, metallurgy, zoology and astronomy. His most famous work is (“The Canon of Shen-nun Root and Herbs with Additions and Commentaries from the Jia-yu Period” (written by him in collaboration with two other scientists by order of Emperor Ren-tsung ), which describes 1,082 different medicines.
In addition, Su Sun is known for inventing and building in 1087–1092 a tower with an astronomical clock about 12 m high and about 7 m wide. By the order of the emperor, he described it in his later lost treatise “Hun Tien and Xiang Lu” (“Memorandum on [armillary] device and symbolizing [sky globe] "), and then (1094-1096) - in" Xin and Xiang fa yao "(" The essence of the new model [armillary] device and symbolizing [sky globe] "). Joseph Needham called this device "the precursor of astronomical clocks of medieval Europe." Su Sung also prepared two star maps based on his long-term observations of 1078-1085, which today are considered the oldest published in the world.
Bibliography
- Unschuld PU Pen-ts'ao 2000 Jahre tradit. pharmaz. Lit. Chinas. München, 1973, S. 59-62.
- Miyashita S. Su Sung // Sung Biographies / Ed. by H. Franke. Bd 3. Wiesbaden, 1976, S. 969–970
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119094215 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 National Library of Australia - 1960.
- ↑ 1 2 Swartz A. Open Library - 2005.