Soybean ( lat. Glycine ) - a genus of herbaceous flowering plants of the legume family ( Fabaceae ); enters the tribe Bean ( Phaseoleae ) subfamilies Moth ( Faboideae ).
| Soybean | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Wild soybean | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Glycine Willd. , 1802, nom. cons. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Glycine clandestina JCWendl. , 1798 [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The most famous species is Soya cultivated, or ordinary ( Glycine max ).
Biological Description
Representatives of the genus are annual (2 species, including soybean cultivated) and perennial (22-26 species) herbaceous plants.
The leaves are palmate, dissected into 3β7 lobes, on short petioles, usually falling.
Inflorescences are axillary, racemose. The calyx is membranous, bell-shaped, pubescent, two-lipped. The corolla is usually painted in lilac, less often white tones. Ovary half-lower, with numerous ovules. Pestle filiform, with capitate stigma.
Fruit - a straight or curved bean of oblong or linear shape. Seeds from 1 to 5, oblong-ovate.
The number of chromosomes in annual species is 2n = 40, while in perennial species it varies 2n = from 40 to 80.
Range
Perennial species of the genus grow almost exclusively in Australia , only a few go north to the islands of the Pacific Ocean . Annual species come from Southeast Asia .
Taxonomy
According to the latest intra-genus classification of Palmer, Khaimovitz, and Nelson (1996), the Soybean genus is represented by 18 herbaceous perennial species (Australian center of origin) and annual species (Southeast Asian center of origin), divided into 2 subgenera: Glycine Willd. and Soja (Moench) FJ Herm. From the Southeast Asian (Chinese) focus, all cultivated soybean varieties start.
Synonyms
- Chrystolia Montrouz. ex Beauvis. , 1901
- Kennedynella Steud. , 1840, nom. superfl.
- Leptocyamus Benth. , 1839, nom. nov.
- Leptolobium Benth., 1837, nom. illeg.
- Soja Moench , 1794, nom. rej.
- Triendilix Raf. , 1836, nom. nov.
Views
- Glycine subg. Soja
- Glycine max ( L. ) Merr. , 1917 - Soya cultural
- Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc. , 1845 - Wild Soya
The subgenus Soja consists of two species: wild-growing Ussuri soybean G. soja and cultivated soybean G. max . This also includes a controversial semi-cultural species - elegant soya, or thin Glycine gracilis Skvortzov .
Asian soybean species belonging to the subgenus Soja , and united by a common GG genome, are considered evolutionarily more advanced due to the annual development cycle. Phylogenetically, the most archaic species here is a wild species of Ussuri soybean G. soja Siebold et Zucc. (syn: G. ussuriensis Reg. et Maack ). This species is recognized by almost all taxonomists as the direct ancestor of cultivated cultivated soybean G. max .
- Glycine subg. Glycine
- Glycine albicans Tindale & Craven , 1989
- Glycine aphyonota BEPfeil , 2002
- Glycine arenaria Tindale, 1987
- Glycine argyrea Tindale, 1984
- Glycine canescens FJHerm. , 1962, nom. nov.
- Glycine clandestina JCWendl., 1798 typus [2]
- Glycine curvata Tindale, 1987
- Glycine cyrtoloba Tindale, 1984
- Glycine dolichocarpa Tateishi & H. Ohashi , 1991
- Glycine falcata Benth., 1864
- Glycine gracei BEPfeil & Craven, 2006
- Glycine hirticaulis Tindale & Craven, 1989
- Glycine lactovirens Tindale & Craven, 1989
- Glycine latifolia (Benth.) CANewell & Hymowitz , 1980
- Glycine latrobeana ( Meisn. ) Benth., 1864
- Glycine microphylla (Benth.) Tindale, 1987
- Glycine Montis-Douglas BEPfeil & Craven, 2006
- Glycine peratosa BEPfeil & Tindale, 2001
- Glycine pescadrensis Hayata , 1920
- Glycine pindanica Tindale & Craven, 1993
- Glycine pullenii BEPfeil, Tindale & Craven, 2002
- Glycine rubiginosa Tindale & BEPfeil, 2001
- Glycine stenophita BEPfeil & Tindale, 2000
- Glycine syndetika BEPfeil & Craven, 2006
- Glycine tabacina ( Labill. ) Benth., 1864
- Glycine tomentella Hayata, 1920
Australian soybean species, a member of the Glycine subgenus, have a long development cycle, wide genomic polymorphism, and are the most archaic forms of soybeans. Some species of this group also spread to Southeast Asia.
According to the classification of Palmer et al. (1996) the subgenus Glycine is represented by 16 species. After this publication, Australian botanists Pfeil, Tyndale and Kraven discovered and described 4 more new species of perennial soybeans: G. peratosa , G. rubiginosa , G. pullenii and G. aphyonota .
Notes
- β For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- β 1 2 Information about the genus Glycine (Eng.) In the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
Literature
- Ren Sa & Michael G. Gilbert. 108. Glycine Willdenow (English) // Flora of China . - 2010 .-- Vol. 10 . - P. 250-252 .