Sudden - a fortress that was located on the left flank of the Caucasian line of fortifications and was part of the so-called “ front Kumyk line ”. It was laid down by Russian troops in 1819 near the village of Andreevka (Andirey) , on the banks of the Aktash River.
| Fortress | |
| Sudden | |
|---|---|
 The plan of the fortress Sudden | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Founder | Alexey Petrovich Ermolov |
| First mention | 1819 year |
| Established | 1819 year |
| condition | destroyed |
History
Returning from Dagestan, General Alexei Petrovich Ermolov , in the winter from 1818 to 1819, visited the Kumyk possessions and made sure that the Andyreus, or St. Andrew’s village, as the Russians called it, represents one of the most important places on the entire left flank of the Caucasian line and can serve as the most convenient strategic point. Located at the exit from the Salatavsky Mountains , this aul was the main market for all of Chechnya and Dagestan; all the connections and relations of the highlanders were concentrated here, and here were sold slaves who were taken out of the mountains and sold at a high price to Constantinople. This item and chose Yermolov to build a fortification
In the spring of 1819, a Russian detachment, under the command of the chief of the corps headquarters General Velyaminov , gathered on the Terek , in the village of Shelkozavodskaya , to move from here to the Andreevsky aul. The battalion of the Troitsky regiment was left on the road to cover communications with the Caucasian line, and the remaining forces of the detachment - two battalions of the Kabardins, the eighth huntsman regiment, sixteen guns and three hundred linear Cossacks - went to the construction of the fortress
The following 1819, during August, Sultan Ahmed Khan (ruler of the Avar Khanate ) began to gather mountain peoples and went to the village of Bavtugay , lying along the Koysu River, where he took a convenient position in the gorge, which he strengthened with blockages and trenches. Chechens came to the rescue, part of the inhabitants of Andirei, residents of the Kumyk estates were ready to rebel, their salad workers supported them. The outcome of the stubborn battle was decided by heavy artillery fire. Sultan Ahmed Khan was again forced to go to the mountains, and Ermolov mercilessly punished entire villages that supported Sultan Ahmed Khan. The policy of Alexander I and Ermolov in the Caucasus after the Gulistan Peace Treaty interrupted the process of the gradual peaceful incorporation of Dagestan possessions and societies into Russia by taking citizenship. From the Naurskaya village, the mountaineers were repelled by female Cossacks (the male Cossack population was on a campaign)
During 1824, due to the unrest among the highlanders, Yermolov arrived in Sudden with 2.5 battalions and quickly calmed the surrounding area, but at the same time ordered to strengthen the fortress and other fortified points
In early June, the fortress garrison was strengthened by 2 companies of the 41st Jaeger Regiment (from Georgia)
In May 1831, a detachment of Major General Taube , the commander of the left flank of the Caucasus line, retreated here in the course of unsuccessful actions against one of the preachers of Muridism - Kazi-mullah . On May 26 of the same year, Kazi-Mulla, who collected about 1,000 murids , appeared near the Sudden and besieged her
The battalion of the 40th Jäger Regiment, sent to strengthen the garrison, managed to break through with the assistance of 3 companies who made a sortie. Then, on June 14, Kazi-mullah, having already gathered up to 3,000 adherents, overlaid the fortress and diverted water
Coming to the rescue with a battalion and 4 guns, Lt. Col. Shumsky , surrounded by the enemy, barely managed to break into the fortress
On June 20, Lt. Col. Shumsky made an unsuccessful attempt to return the water, having lost 10 guns and 367 lower ranks; On June 24, Bekovich-Cherkassky arrived from Grozny with 400 hours of infantry, 5,000 Cossacks and 4 guns to Tash-Kich (27 miles from Sudden), but did not dare to break through to the fortress. Only the arrival of a detachment of Emmanuel (2 battalions, 700 Cossacks and 7 guns) in Tash-Kichu on June 27, which moved together with Bekovich to the rear of Kazi-mullah, saved the Sudden
Kazi-mullah lifted the siege, but cut the retreat to the detachment of Emmanuel, who suffered significant losses during the retreat (15 guns, 360 lower ranks)
In 1836, at the suggestion of the commander of a separate Caucasian corps, Baron Rosen , the old fortress was abandoned and replaced by another, on the right bank of the Aktash River, above the Andreeva village, which consisted of an earthen enclosed fence with strong profiles, which included all the buildings for the garrison; erected in one summer
In 1839, in the spring, Suddenly served as a gathering point for the Chechen detachment, for action against Shamil
In 1845, at the end of May, the Chechen detachment of Leaders (12 and ¾ battalion, 13 hundreds of 28 guns) was concentrated here, performing from here on the Dargin expedition . Subsequently, the sudden fortress was abolished
At the beginning of the 20th century, the remains of the fortress were located south of the village of Andreevo, the Khasavyurt district , and the Terek region .
Literature
- Potto V.A. Caucasian war. In 5 volumes. Volume 2. Ermolovsk time . - M .: Centerpolygraph, 2007. - T. 2. - C. Chapter VI. - ISBN 978-5-9524-315.