Stepanovskoe-Pavlishchevo

The history of the estate Pavlishchev Bor can be traced from the second half of the 17th century

The first document directly related to the estate is a situational plan made in the form of a sketch showing the Techa River, three bridges thrown across it, and several villages along its banks. Near one of the villages on the plan is inscribed: “the village of Zubovo, Purchased by Lopukhina” ^[2] , along with the others “Stepanovskoe and Pavlishchevo. Ushakova, 305 souls ” ^{[3] [4]}

In 1791, Viktor Stepanovich Stepanov regained one of the estates in the Meshchovsky district of the Kaluga province . Part of it was bought by him from Princess M.N. Dolgorukova, part - was bought from F.F. Ushakova. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

After the death of Viktor Stepanovich in 1839, the estate Pavlischev Bor belongs to his son - the Arkhangelsk governor P. V. Stepanov , then it will be transferred to his daughter Elizabeth Platonovna ( 1850 after 1915 ) ^[8] . In her first marriage, she was married to Colonel Nikolai Petrovich Schlitter , and after his death in 1877, she married a talented chemist, engineer Vasily Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko ( 1848 — after 1915 ), brother of the artist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko .

In the documents of the late XIX - early XX century, the estate is referred to as both Stepanovskoye and Pavlishchevo. In family correspondence, it was usually called Stepanovsky.

The existing ensemble of the estate with a park was finally created in 1895-1900. at the expense of Elizabeth Platonovna on the project of Vasily Alexandrovich Yaroshenko ^[9] . Currently, the estate includes the main house, outbuildings, a manor park and an entrance gate with figures of deer.

Description of the estate and park

All the preserved buildings of the estate and the main part of the park belong to the end of the XIX century . People often hear the sounds of the piano, as the manager’s wife played the piano. The legend goes that corpses are in the dungeons and they see a woman in black, there is also a house with a plan on the Internet, but it is not. And in reality it is not there either: only a ravine with the letter "P". The regular part of the park is well preserved and consists of a linden alley leading from the pond located by the River Techa to the end staircase of the main manor house; a large linden alley (450 m.), laid along the river bordering the park; the remains of linden malls at the end of the main house; green "arbors" from lindens and curtain plantings of lindens along the road leading from the bridge to the manor house. Of particular value in the park is the descent to the river in the form of successive terraces decorated with plantings. In the floodplain of the Techa River, there is a pond where there used to be a white stone bath in the Romanesque style. Now there is no water in the pond. There is also a dam from the river. The pride of the estate was a floral stall in front of the main facade of the manor house - its layout has been preserved. In the landscape part of the park, the oldest tree stands date back 100-120 years. ^[ten]

The main house is an eclectic pile of columns and balconies, with interiors decorated in different styles (lost). The manager’s house with a mezzanine , farm buildings, pylons with deer sculptures have been preserved in the park. At the river there was an Arsenal pavilion where boats were stored.

The Stepanovskoye estate was often visited by the owner’s brother, artist Nikolai Yaroshenko , and their nephew Boris Savinkov . The walls were decorated with nine paintings by the artist, including the author’s repetition of the famous “ Student ”. Maria Zabolotskaya (1887-1976), whose childhood passed in the estate of Yaroshenko, left memories of the way of everyday life:

“The dining room is very bright yellow-golden. Large windows, and on top there are a number of bright windows. The windows overlooked a wide meadow. The entrance to the house is occupied by a Japanese lawn. They spent 12-15 thousand a year on flower beds. Elisaveta Platonovna brought gardeners from Italy and France ” ^[11] .

At the estate at different times A.P. Chekhov , M. Gorky , I.V. Tsvetaev , V.F. Komissarzhevskaya , artists of the Moscow Art Theater ^[12] .

Twentieth Century and Present

After the revolution, the Stepanovskoye-Pavlishchevo estate was nationalized. In 1918, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on registration, registration and protection of antiquities and art owned by private individuals, societies, and institutions. In 1919, paintings that were sent to the Kaluga Museum of Art , opened the year before, were taken out of the main house in Pavlishchev. Among the requisitioned values ​​were paintings by the artist N. A. Yaroshenko “Female student”, “Portrait of a nanny”, “Portrait of a lady with a cat”, “Portrait of a mother”, “Portrait of a brother”, “Reading a newspaper”, “Eruption of Etna”, “Etude mountain river. " In addition to these paintings from the estate, the museum received two works of painting of the 17th century: “Penitent Peter” by Zaccinto Brandi, “In the Tavern” by Adrean van Ostade. ^[13] “Portrait of a nanny” was written with teacher Dokukina, who worked at the Pavlishchevskaya school. The painting by N. A. Yaroshenko “On a swing” (1888) depicts a scene of beloved folk entertainment - on Troitsyn Day in the neighboring village of Pavlishchevo.

In Soviet times, the estate was occupied by a sanatorium and other medical institutions. In the 1980s attempts were made to preserve the condition of the manor house, but after a strong fire it was abandoned and routed. In 1997, transferred to the regional department of education with the aim of organizing a boarding school for visually impaired children. It is in ruins.

It is in unsatisfactory condition and needs urgent restoration.

• Khitrovskaya Square
• House of Yaroshenko

• Manor V.A. Yaroshenko Stepanovskoe-on-Teche in the village of Pavlishchev Bor
• Manor restoration project