Feodosiyskoe reservoir ( Ukrainian: Feodosijske reservoir , Crimean-Tat. Kefe yapma gölü, Kefe yapma golu ) - an artificial freshwater reservoir on the North Crimean canal .
| Theodosia reservoir | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Feodosіyske water reservoir , Crimean-Tat. Kefe yapma gölü | |
| Morphometry | |
| Height above sea level | 72 m |
| Area | 2.42 km² |
| Volume | 0.01537 km³ |
| Deepest | 18 m |
| Average depth | 6.4 m |
| Characteristics | |
| Year of filling | 1971 |
| Dam height | 18 m |
| Swimming pool | |
| Flowing water | North Crimean Canal |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Region | Crimea |
Located southwest of the village of Vladislavovka, Kirovsky district of the Republic of Crimea . In 1971, reconstruction was completed to supply the city of Feodosia with the waters of the Dnieper River .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Description
- 3 Waterworks
- 4 Water supply
- 5 Links
- 6 notes
History
Before the reconstruction, the Feodosiya reservoir was filled with the waters of the near-water beam Near (Peschanaya) and its volume was 1.13 million m³.
The reservoir expansion project was prepared by the Ukrgiprovodkhoz Institute in 1961 as part of the design assignment for the first stage of the North Crimean Canal (irrigation of 145 thousand ha). Construction work was carried out from 1966 to 1971 PMK-11 trust "Kryvvodstroy." The reconstruction increased the reservoir volume to 15.37 million m³. The soils of the base and body of the dam are Maikop clay.
In relation to the North Crimean channel, the reservoir is located on a hill and water from the inlet channel is supplied by the pumping station NS-16. Water is fed from the reservoir to the treatment plant by gravity.
Over 40 years of operation, there has been a significant siltation of the southern part of the reservoir in the vicinity of the water intake tower, and the supply channel was completely silted up. From February to April, during strong winds and low water levels, the turbidity in water treatment plants reached 150 mg / l.
In 2012, the injection volume amounted to 22.8 million m³, the reservoir was completely full - up to the volume of 15.37 million m³. [2]
January 12, 2015 for the first time in its entire life since 1971, pumping and power equipment was launched in winter conditions. This decision was made in connection with the insufficient volume of water in the Feodosia reservoir. On the launch day, the usable volume was 651 thousand m³ - this stock would be enough for 10 days.
Water was supplied by discharge from the Taigan reservoir and its own runoff of the Biyuk-Karasu River into the North Crimean Canal . Through the system of the North Crimean Canal, pumping station No. 2 supplied water to the Kirovsky district before the blocking structure No. 8.
Preparation for the NS-16 was started in December: heaters were installed to dry the windings of electric motors and to heat the machine room. At launch, there were force majeure circumstances that could not be foreseen. At 19:10, unit 2 was switched on with a capacity of 1.47 m3 / s. The inflow of water into the reservoir at 8:00 on January 13 amounted to 68 thousand m³.
According to the KRP Water of Crimea data, as of April 1, 2014, the volume of water was 8.46 million m³.
Initially, the regulated watercourse of the Dnieper River through the North Crimean Canal and the Botogec beam were the sources of filling. In January 2015, they started pumping water from the Taigan reservoir with volumes of 100 thousand m³ per day. [4] In April, the filling rate was brought up to 800 thousand m³ per day. [5] In May, the water volume reached 12.3 million m³, after which the injection was suspended. [6] In early June, the replenishment rate was 36 thousand m³, with water withdrawal from 43 to 45 thousand m³ per day. [7] By August, from the beginning of 2015, 15 million m³ were supplied. [8]
On October 23, 2015, the volume of water was 9.5 million m³, which was 1.2 million m³ higher than at the same date last year. [9]
| External video files | |
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| Upload in January 2015 | |
On January 30, 2017, the filling was 7.3 million m³. [10]
In December of dry 2018, the filling volume was 6 million m³. [11] In January 2019, the construction of a new water intake device was carried out, which will allow “to take up to 5 million m³ of water from it”. [12]
Description
The reservoir is bulk. Located 4 km southwest of the village of Vladislavovka, Kirovsky district. The total reservoir volume is - 15.37 million m³, dead - 4.0 million m³, useful - 11.37 million m³, maximum depth - 18 m, average - 6.4 m. ULV - 65.0 m.
The main replenishment source is the North Crimean Canal . Precipitation practically does not affect the inflow into the reservoir, but can significantly reduce the intake of water spent on irrigation. [7]
According to the tender documentation “the evaporation volume is about 19% of the useful volume of 11.37 million m³”. According to the passport of Theodosia reservoir, filtration from the reservoir is 18% of the average volume of water in the reservoir. The shallow zone of the reservoir is overgrown with reed vegetation.
Over 40 years of operation, the siltation of the bottom occurred, when examining the diving method, the thickness of silt sediments was determined 0.7 - 3.0 m with a decrease in power towards the coast. In the particle size distribution of bottom sediments, fractions of 0.05 - 0.01 mm (up to 40%) and less than 0.005 mm (up to 35%) prevail.
Waterworks
The composition of the hydraulic system: [13]
- a deaf earthen dam 2140 m long and 18 m high;
- water intake structure from the supply channel 918 m long, pumping station NS-16, two-strand steel water conduit with a diameter of 1020 mm, length 820 m, a spillway;
- NS-16 consists of four units with a total capacity of 4.87 m³ / s and an installed capacity of 4 MW. In 2004, the company “Gidrostroy-6” carried out major repairs, which allowed uninterrupted supply of water to the reservoir during the irrigation period; [fourteen]
- mine water intake structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete of bucket type with two water intake windows at the dead volume mark, equipped with metal shields, stationary elevators. Throughput 1.3 m³ / s;
- self-draining drainage tunnel made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a diameter of 2300 mm and a length of 1.2 km.
In 2019, reconstruction of the water intake is underway. Instead of a silt channel to the existing water intake tower, an 880 m fiberglass underwater water conduit with an umbrella-type fish protection head will be built. The fish head will be protected from siltation by gabion structures. The intake capacity will be increased to 1.6 m³ / s.
Water Supply
A gravity double-thread steel water pipe with a diameter of 700 mm and a length of 11.7 km originates from the tunnel, supplying water to the treatment station of the city of Feodosia . Before the expansion of the reservoir and the construction of the North Crimean Canal, water was supplied to Feodosiya from Subash sources .
Further, from the water treatment facilities of Feodosia, water through a mountain water supply system and a cascade of pumping stations enters Sudak. The total length of the Sudak aqueduct is 52.3 km, diameter - 1200 mm [15] . Throughput - 85 thousand m³ per day. The water supply system was built in 1988 in an underground version, which increases the corrosion load and leads to large losses of water. The construction of a new main water supply system is carried out in the ground version. In October 2015, the actual water withdrawal was 26 thousand m³ per day. [9]
The Belogorsk reservoir , which has been used to fill the North Crimean Canal since 2014, is located only 30 km from Sudak, but as a result, the water overcomes more than 200 km. To solve the water supply problem of Sudak, the construction project of the Solnechnogorsk reservoir was considered, but it was abandoned.
Links
Notes
- ↑ This geographical feature is located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula , most of which is the subject of territorial disagreements between Russia , which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine , within the borders of which the disputed territory is recognized by the international community. According to the federal structure of Russia , the subjects of the Russian Federation are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol . According to the administrative division of Ukraine , the regions of Ukraine are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with special status Sevastopol .
- ↑ The stocking of the Feodosia reservoir . The newspaper "Kirovets" (November 7, 2012). Date of treatment June 10, 2015.
- ↑ Launch of NS-16 in winter conditions . The newspaper Kirovets (January 22, 2015). Date of treatment June 10, 2015.
- ↑ In the Feodosiya reservoir, Taigan water began to pump . Kryminform (January 15, 2015). Date of treatment January 16, 2015.
- ↑ A 3-month supply of water accumulated in Theodosia reservoir . Kryminform (April 27, 2015). Date of treatment April 27, 2015.
- ↑ Water injection into Theodosia reservoir is temporarily suspended . Kryminform (May 20, 2015). Date of treatment May 20, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Rains reduced the flow of water in Feodosia . Crimea: news of Feodosia (June 8, 2015). Date of treatment June 10, 2015.
- ↑ The main reservoirs of Crimea are 80% full . RIA Novosti (July 30, 2015).
- ↑ 1 2 Water reserves in two reservoirs of the Eastern Crimea are 1.7 million cubic meters more than last year . Kryminform (October 23, 2015). Date of treatment October 24, 2015.
- ↑ “Crimea Water” plans to replace a kilometer section of the water conduit at the Frontovskoye Reservoir . Kryminform (January 30, 2017). Date of treatment February 4, 2017.
- ↑ Igor Weil: Despite the low-water period, the Goskomvodkhoz provides a balance of water resources in the autumn-winter season . crimea-news.com . Crimea News (December 10, 2018). Date of treatment December 20, 2018.
- ↑ Igor Weil: All settlements are provided with water at 100% . crimea-news.com . Crimea News (January 11, 2019). Date of treatment January 21, 2019.
- ↑ Reservoirs (inaccessible link) . Kirov interdistrict water management. Date of treatment January 16, 2015. Archived on September 11, 2014.
- ↑ The construction of the facility “Construction of a waterworks near the village of Novoivanovka Nizhnegorsky district (Unavailable link) . State Committee for Water Management and Land Reclamation of the Republic of Crimea (January 26, 2015). Date of treatment May 25, 2015. Archived on May 25, 2015.
- ↑ Near Feodosia, the second stage of the Sudak aqueduct Is being prepared for launch . Kryminform (May 21, 2015). Date of treatment May 21, 2015.