Arabisms in the Kazakh language

Examples of writing Arabism "albette" in the Kazakh language. In the Kadim system, matching the spelling of a word to the Arabic original is at the expense of ease of reading.
• Arabic original "al-batta" ( Arabic. البتة - flatly, categorically)
• Writing in the letter "cadim"
• Writing the letter "Tote"
• Modern writing ( kaz. Әlbette - of course, undoubtedly)

Arabisms in the Kazakh language are words that entered the Kazakh language directly from the Arabic language or through the influence of Persian , Turkish and other languages, and became part of the Kazakh vocabulary . To date, about 3,000 Arabisms are widely used in the Kazakh language.

The beginning of the entry of Arabic concepts and terms into the Kazakh language is primarily associated with the spread of the Islamic religion among Kazakhs . New religious terms hitherto unknown to Kazakhs and their ancestors were not translated into local languages, but were borrowed directly, but taking into account the peculiarities of Kazakh pronunciation. For example, the word "masjid" ( mosque ) has turned into the Kazakh " mesh ". The spread of Arabism contributed to the Kazakh script based on the Arabic alphabet .

Despite the fact that with the advent of the atheist regime, the general level of religiosity of the Kazakhs decreased, Arabisms firmly entrenched in the literary Kazakh language and are daily used in colloquial speech, but not as often as in the earlier period. This did not stop even the introduction of the first Latin , then Cyrillic alphabet in the era of the USSR . For example, in the writings of Abay Kunanbayev there is a huge number of words of Arabic origin. It comes to the point that an unprepared Kazakh reader cannot understand the meaning of certain sentences. The same is the case with other Kazakh akyns and poets of that period.

Content

Examples of Arabisms in the Kazakh language

This section contains a list of commonly used Arabisms. If the meaning of the Kazakh word differs from the Arabic original, the meaning in the Kazakh language is given in brackets after the word itself.

Letter Related

Dopter from ar. daftar (notebook)
Kitap from ar. kitab (book)
Kalam from ar. kalam (written cane)
Maқala from ar. Makala (article)
Мәтін (text)
Hut (letter) from ar. hutt (line, handwriting)

State and Law Related

Әділет от ар. 'adala (justice); Іdіlet ministerіlіgі - Ministry of Justice
Әкім ( akim ) from ar. hakim (ruler, judge)
Құқық from ar. hukuk (rights)
Memlet (state) from ar. mamlyaka (kingdom, kingdom)
Otan from ar. vatan (homeland, place of birth)
Ukimet from ar. hukuma (government)

Religion Related

Astapyrallla from ar. astagfiru-Llah ( forgive forgiveness from Allah )
Әumin from ar. amine ( may Allah accept our prayers! )
Бәрекелді from ar. barak-allah ( may Allah bless you! )
Bіsmіllә from ar. bismi lah ( with the name of Allah )
Дін from ar. dean (religion)
Dұғa , dua from ar. du'a (supplication, petition)
Jamaqat from ar. jama'at (community)
Meshіt from ar. masjid (mosque)
Floor from ar. muhtaj (needy)
Mұnara from ar. manara (minaret)
Sauap from ar. savab (reward)
Tube from ar. tauba (repentance)
Haқ and aқiқat from ar. hakk and hakika (truth, true essence)

Time Related

Ғasyr from ar. 'asr (century)
Press from ar. Jumu'a (Friday, the fifth day of the week)
Zaman from ar. Zaman (time, era, time)
Saғat from ar. sa'a (hour)
Waқyt from ar. uact (time)

Learning and Science Related

Gylym , Ilym from ar. 'ilm (knowledge, science)
Dәrіs from ar. dars (lesson)
Mektep (school) from ar. maktab (office, desk)
Мұғалім from ar. mu'allim (teacher)
Taғylym , tәlіm from ar. ta'lim (training)
Tәzhіribe from ar. tajrib (experiment)