Lazienki (park)

The енкиazienki Park was decorated in the Baroque style in the XVII century by Tilman van Gameren for the great crown hetman Stanislav Lubomirsky . The park was named Лазazienki (“bath”) because of the bathing pavilion located there.

In 1764, the park was acquired by Stanislav Avgust Ponyatovsky , after his election as king of Poland.

The development of the park in the classical style was the main project of King Stanislav August. The palace and park complex was designed by Dominique Merlini , Johann Christian Kammsetzer and gardener Jan Christian Schuh. The buildings constructed by them were located near or off the lake Лазazienki and the Лазazienki river. The palace of Stanislav Augustus was located on the shore of the lake and, therefore, received the name " Palace on the water ."

Most of the buildings in the park were burned during and after the 1944 Warsaw Uprising . The buildings are nevertheless preserved, at least in comparison with the Old Town . The Germans in the drilled holes in the walls of the palaces placed explosive shells, but they could not destroy the building. Reconstruction of the park and palaces was completed within a few years after the end of World War II .

Palace on the water

The palace on the water, also called the ковazienkowski Palace, was built in the 17th century by Tilman van Gameren for Stanislav Heraclius Lubomirski in the form of a Hermitage with a bath ( Łazienka - the name that gave the name to the whole park) in the Chinese style . Between 1772 and 1793, he was rebuilt by Domenico Merlini for King Stanislav Augustus Poniatowski , who made him his summer residence.

Furniture and paintings in the palace are designed in classic style. The building is dominated by an attic , supported by pillars, and decorated with statues of mythological characters.

The palace is located on an artificial island in Лазazienki lake and is connected to the rest of the park by two arcades of bridges. The palace divides the long lake Лазazienki into 2 parts: the smaller northern and the larger southern.

The first floor of the palace includes the “Room of Bacchus ”, the royal baths, the ballroom, the portrait gallery, the “Room of Solomon ”, the rotunda with the figures of Polish kings, the chapel and the art gallery in which works by Rubens and Rembrandt were kept. Also on the ground floor there was a dining room, famous for its “Thursday Lunches”, to which Stanislav Avgust Poniatovsky invited to his place prominent artists, writers and politicians.

On the second floor are the royal apartments, another art gallery, a balcony, a royal study, royal bedrooms and a wardrobe, and an officer’s room. The palace on the water was burned as a result of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 , but the plans of the Germans to undermine the building were not implemented. The palace was rebuilt after the Second World War .

Roman Theater

The Roman Theater, in fact, it was an amphitheater , built on the shore of Lake Лазazienki and separated from the stage by a canal, so that boats could be used during the performances. The amphitheater was erected in 1790 - 1793 by Jan Christian Kamsetzer. ^{[1] The} attic of the theater is decorated with statues of 16 famous ancient poets.

The scene on the island was modeled after the ancient Herculum and is decorated with imitations of the ruins of the Roman Forum . ^[2] Presentations were made here. The amphitheater and its stage were ideally suited for an evening rest, despite the possible noise from the surrounding swans, ducks and peacocks. ^[3]

White House

White House ( Biały Domek ) - a small house built in 1774 - 1776 by Domenico Merlini . Here King Stanislav Augustus Poniatowski received his mistresses, as well as Louis XVIII ^[4] temporarily lived in him in 1801-1755 during his exile from France. ^[5] Built in the shape of a square at the base, the house has identical facades, decorated with rustics , an attic and a small pavilion at the top. ^[five]

Although the White House was seriously damaged during the Second World War , nevertheless, most of the interior was preserved. ^[five]

Myshlevitsky Palace

Named after the village of Myshlevice, a small palace ( Pałac Myślewicki ) was built for King Stanislav August Poniatowski in 1775 - 1779 in the classical style by architect Domenico Merlini .

Old greenhouse

The old greenhouse was built in the years 1786-1788 in the form of a horseshoe, with a southern facade marked by pilasters and magnificent windows. In the large eastern wing was a theater. Thanks to its richly decorated interior, which fortunately has survived to the present day, the theater is one of the few surviving examples of an authentic court theater of the 18th century.

The audience accommodated about 200 people and consisted of the first floor, where benches were installed in the amphitheaters, as well as three lodges overlooking the stalls. The walls between the lodges were divided by pairs of pilasters , between which caryatids were installed, holding candles, the work of Andre le Bruna , who was assisted by Jakub Monaldi and Joachim Staggi. Illusory ones were painted over these lodges to create the impression of the existence of another lodge filled with a courtly, elegantly dressed public. The painting was the work of Plescher, who also painted the grizayl coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth over the stage.

The interior of the theater was completely made of wood to provide excellent acoustics. The deep stage has a sloping floor and displays pieces of equipment from the former engine room. On both sides of the scene were found three-tiered acting wardrobe .

In the western wing of the Old Orangery, as well as in the corridors along its main line, the Gallery of Polish Sculpture is located. The exhibition presents works dating from the XVI to the middle of the XX century. The exhibition displays several sculptures of the XVI-XVII centuries, as well as the first half of the XVIII century, they can be admired in the first hall. In the next room are sculptures of the second half of the 18th century, including works by Jan Jerzy Plocher, the father of the artist, Franciszek Pink and Andrzej Le Brun. Starting from the mid-19th century, the works of Pavel Malinsky, the first professor of sculpture at the University of Warsaw, Jakub Tatarkiewicz, Velislav Oleschinsky, an outstanding representative of the romantic school, as well as Marcel Guski and Henrik Sattler, the son of the artist Corneli, are presented.

New Greenhouse

The building was built by Adam Adolf Loiv and Józef Orlowski in 1860. Neoclassic with elements of eclecticism, it was intended to preserve the collection of orange trees.

The building was necessary because Alexander II , who bought one of the largest tropical plants in Europe from Nieborov, could not transport it to St. Petersburg due to climatic conditions. The pride of the collection were long-lived orange trees (there were 124). Unfortunately, during World War I, they were left without proper care and froze.

The building consists of an elongated hall with glazed walls. Today it houses a winter garden and a restaurant in the north wing.

Temple of the Sibyl

Egyptian Castle

Columbine

The catchment area is a building in neoclassical style, built in 1777 - 1778 and 1822 by architects Ian Christian and Christian Peter Aigner . ^[6] It was created in the likeness of the mausoleum of Cecilia Metela Cretica on the Appian Way in Rome ^[7] , and is now used as a museum of jewelry.

Belvedere Palace

The Belvedere Palace was built around 1660 and was rebuilt in the baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century. The palace was acquired by King Stanislav Ponyatovsky , who built a factory for the manufacture of porcelain and faience products near it, and was included in the Lazienki complex.

Since 1818, the palace served as the residence for the governor of the Kingdom of Poland, Konstantin Pavlovich , and therefore was rebuilt in 1819 - 1822 in the neoclassical style by the architect Jakub Kubitsky . The very young Frederic Chopin was invited to the Belvedere to his children's friend, the son of Konstantin Pavlovich, where he played the piano to the prince himself. In November 1830, an attempt was made on the Grand Duke Constantine, who lived in this palace, which led to the beginning of the November Uprising . The prince fled from the palace, dressed in a woman's dress.

After the restoration of Polish independence in 1918–1922 , Józef Pilsudski lived in Belvedere, in 1922–26 the palace served as the presidential residence of Gabriel Narutowicz and Stanislav Wojciechowski . As a result of the May Revolution , organized by Pilsudski, Wojciechowski left Belvedere.

From 1989 to July 1994, the Belvedere served as the official residence of Polish President Lech Walesa . Now the building is given under the museum of Jozef Pilsudski .

Uyazdov Palace

Uyazdov Palace was restored in 1975 after being burned down in 1944 as a result of the Warsaw Uprising . Castles have been located on this site since the 13th century. In 1624, at the behest of King Sigismund III , construction began on a stone castle, which was later rebuilt in accordance with the wishes of the owners of the castle Stanislav Lyubomirsky and Stanislav Ponyatovsky , the latter sacrificed it in favor of the Polish army in 1784 . In the 18th century, the castle was included in the so-called Stanislavsky axis , a line of palaces and parks at the southern end of Warsaw, similar to the Saxon axis in the city center. Since 1981, the Center for Contemporary Art has been located in the castle building.

Observatory

The Astronomical Observatory, founded by the second rector of the University of Warsaw , the astronomer Franciszek Arminski (1789-14848), is located in the park. ^[8] Prior to this, in 1665, Titus Livy Burattini founded the first observatory in Poland ( nota bene at Ujazdow Castle). ^[9] Construction began in 1822 and the observatory was officially opened in 1825 . ^{[8] The} classic façade dates back to 1824 and was designed by royal architects Peter Christian Aigner , Hilary Špilowski and Michal Kado.

The park also houses the Chopin Monument dedicated to the composer Frederic Chopin . Its construction was entrusted in 1907 to sculptor Vaclav Shimanovsky, who won the competition for its construction. The monument should have appeared by 1910 , the century of Chopin, but his project caused a lot of controversy and all the time was delayed in execution, and then the beginning of the First World War was postponed for a long time the plan for its creation. As a result, the statue was erected in 1926 . ^[ten]

• Saxon Park (Warsaw)
• Uyazdovsky park
• Thursday Lunches

• Lazienki Park Plan
• (Polish). Lazienki virtual tour in winter.

Historical Images

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  Lazienki Park, 1775, Bernardo Bellotto .
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  Lazenkovsky Palace , 1836, Marcin Zaleski
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  Myslevice Palace, 1830s, Marcin Zaleski
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  Roman theater, approx. 1900

Pictures by Zygmunt Vogel (1800s)

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  Palace on the water
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  Palace on the water in the moonlight
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  Roman theater
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  Uyazdov church

Park Attractions

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  Equestrian statue of King Jan III Sobieski .
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  Park sculpture of the XVIII century.
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  Summer performance at the monument to Chopin.
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  Peacocks in the Roman Theater are one of the few animals in the park.
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  Monument to Chopin.