New Arbat

Novy Arbat Street starts from Arbatskie Vorota Square and is a continuation of Vozdvizhenka Street . On the right adjoining: Povarskaya street , Borisoglebsky and Novinsky lanes and at the area of ​​Free Russia Konyushkovskaya street ; on the left - Arbatsky and Direct lanes ; In the Novoarbat tunnel under the street Novinsky Boulevard (part of the Garden Ring ) passes. After crossing the Smolenskaya and Krasnopresnenskaya embankments, the highway passes to Kutuzovsky Prospekt , crossing the Moscow River along the Novoarbatsky bridge .

According to the master plan for the reconstruction of Moscow in 1935, it was planned to lay a new city highway from Arbat Square to Dorogomilovskaya Zastava , connecting the city center with new residential areas in the west of the capital. This highway in the initial section was supposed to run parallel to Arbat Street , and therefore received the working name Novy Arbat ^[1] , which, along with the name Novoarbatsky Prospekt, was used during the design and construction years, but was not legally approved ^[2] . The publications of the 1950s also featured the title "Prospectus of the Constitution." Before the war , they did not have time to implement the idea of ​​creating a new street and returned to it only in the early 1960s.

On December 19, 1963, Novoarbatsky Prospect, together with the attached Kalinin Street (now Vozdvizhenka) and part of Kutuzovsky Prospekt from the Garden Ring to the Novoarbatsky Bridge ( Bolshaya Novinsky Lane ^[3] until 1957), were combined into a single highway - Kalinin Avenue ^[4] , named so in memory of the Soviet statesman Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1875-1946) ^[1] . However, unofficially, the Muscovites called the Kalinin Avenue between Arbat Square and the Garden Ring Novy Arbat . This name was rarely found in the Soviet press. Inaccurate speech was also widespread inaccurate version of the official name - Kalininsky Prospekt .

In 1990, the name Vozdvizhenka was returned to the initial section of the highway, and the part laid in the 1960s was renamed Novy Arbat Street . In 1994, the renaming was reapproved. ^[five]

As a result of the laying of New Arbat, the Sobachi Pereulok , the Sobach'ye Playground and the Krechetnikovsky Lane ^[1] disappeared from the map of Moscow.

In the tunnel under Novy Arbat events of the August coup of 1991 took place , which led to the death of three people. A commemorative sign was later erected in memory of these events.

On March 10, 2012, a rally "For Fair Elections" was held on Novy Arbat. According to various estimates, from 10 thousand to 25 thousand participants gathered for the rally ^[6] . The rally was held on the odd side of the street along the stylobate from Arbat lane to house 21, where the stage was set. The traffic along the street was not blocked.

Plot from Arbat Gate Square to the Garden Ring

The section of Novy Arbat Street from the Arbat Gate to the Garden Ring was laid in the 1960s. along the lanes and streets located between Arbat and Povarskaya Street (former Krechetnikovsky Lane , Dog’s Playground , partially Bolshaya Molchanovka and Malaya Molchanovka , etc.).

The appearance of the New Arbat determines the section of the street from the square of the Arbat Gate to the Garden Ring . The ensemble of this site was created in 1962 - 1968 according to the project of a group of architects ( M.V. Posokhin , A.A. Mndoyants , G.V. Makarevich , B.I. Tkhor , Sh. A. Ayrapetov , I.A. Pokrovsky , Yu. Popova, A. Zaitseva and others) - a new large fragment of the urban environment was formed on the avenue, where everything was subordinated to a single plan - from the general direction of the spatial structure to the details of landscaping and advertising ^{[7] [8]} .

The even (north) side is determined by the dotted line of five 24-story double frame-panel residential tower houses of the 1-MG-601-Zh series (176 apartments in each), similar to each other. High-ranking Soviet officials and representatives of the creative intelligentsia were to settle in these grandiose skyscrapers ^[9] . Shops and cafes occupy the first two floors of these structures. Between the towers, two-story buildings are located (Book House, October Cinema , former Bread Store). Low trading buildings, alternating with verticals of residential towers, create a large-scale foreground of those paintings that open in front of a pedestrian. This contrast emphasizes the rise of multi-story buildings ^[10] .

On the odd (southern) side of Novy Arbat, four 26-storey administrative buildings (book houses) were erected, the volumes of which freely rise above the connecting continuous plane of the stylobate, stretching for 800 meters from Arbat lane to the Garden Ring. The stylobate, which has two ground and two underground floors, houses the entrance halls of administrative buildings, which occupy high volumes, and a large shopping center. The construction of the odd side was created at the most modern level of functional organization and maintenance of that time. Trade and administrative functions are separated with the necessary clarity, and mutual interference does not occur. Architects have proposed a successful solution to the problem of unloading goods and products in stores located here. A tunnel with a length of 1 km and a width of 9 m was built along the entire length of the building with entrances from the ends and from the side of two Arbat lanes, which did not violate the usual life of the population of the region and created convenience for the workers of the shopping center ^[8] .

The new Arbat is not completed, the remnants of the old buildings, sometimes their rear sides, which do not fit into the modern look of the highway ^[11], appear on it from both sides. The ordinary houses of the late 19th – 20th centuries preserved in the construction of Novy Arbat appear on the street line between the second, third and fourth towers of the north side, rise above the southern shopping center. Their forms introduce into the ensemble elements of a random, but at the same time lived-in - something that is lacking in its new buildings. In 1990-2000, the complex of houses (Novy Arbat, d. 18/21, Bolshaya Molchanovka , 21a, 23/20, p. 1 and 2) and house No. 14 were reconstructed, their facades overlooking New Arbat were given a representative appearance .

Land from Garden Ring to Novoarbatsky Bridge

Part of the New Arbat from the Garden Ring to the Novoarbatsky Bridge was laid in 1957, however, its appearance has been and has been forming for many years. Unlike the main part of Novy Arbat, formed in one decade and under a single project, this section of Novy Arbat has been in development since the 1920s (that is, until the appearance of plans for the construction of the highway) to this day.

The first stage of the formation of this site was in the 1920-1960s. In 1926-1928 Two residential buildings were built in Bolshoi Novinsky Lane (modern address is Novy Arbat, 23 and 25). Subsequently, the odd side of the alley became the odd side of this section of New Arbat, the even side of the alley was demolished. In 1931-1934 the building of the Institute of balneology and physiotherapy (architect A. V. Samoilov) was built ^[12] . After punching a new highway, this building came out on its red line. In 1940, according to the project of architect Alexei Shchusev , a residential building was built that secured the corner of the future Novy Arbat and Smolenskaya embankment (Novy Arbat, 31). In the early 1950s, houses were erected at the intersection with the Garden Ring , marking the beginning of this section of the future highway (Novy Arbat, 30 and Novinsky Boulevard, 7). In 1957, these multi-style buildings came to New Arbat with red lines.

In 1963-1970 the CMEA building was built (36 Novy Arbat). After that, for almost three decades, the appearance of this section of New Arbat remained unchanged.

A new stage in the formation of this segment of the New Arbat began in the late 1990s. On the odd side, residential complexes “Arbat Tower” (building 29, 1998) and “Novy Arbat 27” (2009) were built. In 2006, the historical building of the Institute of Balneology was demolished: the multifunctional complex "New Arbat 32" was built in its place. In early August 2012, it became known that in connection with the expansion of the New Arbat understudy, it is planned to demolish the boulevard on the odd side of the street ^[13] .

Ratings

The ensemble's most widespread and serious problem in the 1960s was posed in connection with the laying of New Arbat. The creation of the New Arbat (architects M.V. Posokhin and A.A. Mndoyants ) was the largest reconstruction event of the 1960s within the interior of the capital. An extensive spatial system has been formed along the highway, an integral fragment of the new urban environment has been created, which has entered the structure of the city center and, as it were, has set the main note for its further transformation ^[10] .

When creating the New Arbat, the principles developed during the development of free territories were used for the reconstruction of the central region. The creation of such modernist ensembles (a combination of an extended stylobate with several vertical volumes) in the historical fabric of the city was a worldwide trend in the 1950s and 1960s. Examples are Marshalkovskaya Street in Warsaw, the Hötorget buildings complex in Stockholm. In 1966, the Paris Center for Architectural Research awarded the Grand Prix team of authors for updating architectural forms and successes in developing long-term urban development plans.

The famous architectural historian A.V. Ikonnikov noted that the large-scale ensemble composition of the New Arbat undoubtedly possesses strength and character. These properties are perceived, however, primarily within the street itself and in panoramas - from the western side, from the Taras Shevchenko embankment. But in urban landscapes that open from a high plateau in the south-west of the city and along the other branch of the Moskva River bend, from Bersenevskaya and Krymskaya embankments , Novy Arbat emerges like a huge continuous wall of tall buildings. This flat ridge reduced the importance of high-rise buildings of the early 1950s, which returned the picturesque expressiveness to the urban silhouette ^[10] . It is not surprising that the “punching” of a new street through the historical fabric of the city and the architectural design of the new ensemble, which was in no way connected with the surrounding buildings, aroused the hostility of Muscovites. The writer Yuri Nagibin called Novy Arbat “the false jaw of Moscow”, this scornful nickname became popular ^{[14] [15] [16] [17]} . The authors of the Architectural Guide, published in 1997, noted: “After three decades after completion, the avenue remains alien in the structure of the city. A foreign body perceives the development of the avenue from the adjacent embankments, from the southwestern territories of the city ” ^[18] .

Despite the fact that as a result of the laying of New Arbat numerous historical buildings were demolished, including the Dog site complex, the official creation of New Arbat was interpreted as a solution that allowed preserving a number of ancient Moscow streets and, above all, Arbat as a conservation zone ^[19] .

On the odd side :

• No. 1 - restaurant "Prague" (1824; 1902, architect L.N. Kekushev ; 1914-1915, architect A. E. Erichson ; 1954, architect B. M. Sobolevsky);
• No. 5 - the mansion of E. M. Fedotova. Built in 1902. Architect S. N. Fedorov ^[20] ;
• No. 7 - since 1923 - maternity hospital No. 7 named after G. L. Grauerman , in which many celebrities were born (for example, Kir Bulychev , Andrey Mironov , Alexander Zbruev , Alik Granovsky ). Now closed. In 1973, the USSR’s first color video screen “ Elin ” on incandescent lamps was installed on the side facade of the house, and a modern LED video screen was installed in 2005. A memorial stone was laid in memory of the partisan commander near the house, at the beginning of a small square, on May 9, 2014. N. Ya. Kiselyov , and the square itself was named after him ^{[21] [22]} ;
• Nos. 11, 15, 19, 21 - four 26-storey administrative buildings, whose facades resemble open books (“book-houses”), are connected by a 2-level glass-covered stylobate with a length of 850 m, which also includes houses 13 and 17; in the 1st building of house number 11 is the editorial office of the radio station " Echo of Moscow " ^[23] . July 18, 2017 in the building number 15 there was a fire .
• No. 23 - residential building (1926, architect L.O. Lungin );
• No. 25 - a residential building (1928) ^[12] ;
• No. 27 - residential complex "New Arbat 27" (2006-2009, the team of architects " Mosproject-2 " under the supervision of Academician M. M. Posokhin );
• No. 29 - residential complex "Arbat Tower";
• No. 31 - a twelve-story house of Stalinist architecture, 1937-1939. (architects A.V. Shchusev , A.K. Rostkovsky ).

On the even side :

• No. 2 - Communication House (1965, architects V. Egerev , A. Shaikhet, N. Afanasyeva, E. Shumov, engineers B. Kengurov, D. Ilyin, S. Kryzhevskaya, O. Plotnikov and others) ^[12] . Initially, the building housed telephone exchanges, a post office, a telegraph office, a long-distance telephone service and a telephone inquiry service 09;
• No. 4 - the church of Simeon the Stylite ;
• No. 6 - a 25-story double frame-panel residential tower-house with a jewelry store (originally the "Malachite Box", now the "Jeweler" Center);
• No. 8 - Moscow Book House (bookstore);
• No. 10, building 1 - 25-storey double frame-panel residential tower-house with a restaurant (originally - Ivushka cafe: now - Yakitoriya);
• No. 14, p. 1 - a five-six-story single-entry brick residential building. Built in 1895 according to the project of architect A. Khersonsky ^[24] . Reconstructed in the 2000s;
• No. 16 - 25-storey double frame-panel residential tower-house with a pharmacy;
• No. 22 - a 25-storey double frame-panel residential tower-house with service enterprises (originally a record store “Melody”, now “Coffeehouse”, a restaurant “Peking duck”, etc.). In the house lived an actor, people's artist of the Russian Federation G. L. Bortnikov ^[25] ;
• No. 24 - October Concert Hall . The building was designed by architects M. Posokhin, A. Mndoyants, Yu. Popov, A. Zhbakov, V. Turchinovich, G. Umnov, engineers S. Shkolnikov and V. Nikolaev. The mosaic panel was created from natural stone by artists N. Andronov , A. Vasnetsov , V. Elkonin and L. Syrkin ^[26] ;
• No. 24, p. 2 - the building of the Molly Gvins and Shesh Besh restaurants, built in 2001 on the site of a large advertising structure of the Oktyabr movie theater;
• No. 26 - a 25-story double frame-panel residential tower-house with a store (initially - the Lilac store, now the Zepter store);
• No. 28 - the former Bread store;
• No. 30/9 - a residential building, fixing the corner with the Garden Ring , was erected in the 1950s according to the project of V.I. Kurochkin and N.A. Khokhryakov. The house has a children's library. Gorky . Its interiors are made in the style of the "Stalinist Empire". The halls of the library are decorated with ceiling paintings, ornaments, paintings, Corinthian columns, portraits of Russian writers, subjects of their works ^[27] ;
• No. 32 is a site of the former Institute of Balneology, the building of which was erected in the late 1920s - early 1930s on the site of the Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the style of post-constructivism, designed by Anatoly Samoilov with the participation of Sergey Kharitonov. The architecture of the building combined the features of constructivism (plentiful glazing, asymmetric composition of the facades) and the Stalinist empire (wide cornices, decorative design of balconies). The building was demolished in 2006 ^[28] . On the site of the Institute of Balneology, a multifunctional complex “New Arbat 32” was built with a total area of ​​115 thousand square meters. meters, which houses the Marriott hotel with 234 rooms, apartments, an office center and a scientific center for restorative medicine and balneology of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia ^[29] ;
• No. 34 - a five-story brick three-entrance 60-apartment building, built in 1963;
• No. 34, p. 1 - six-story brick office building;
• No. 36/9 - the CMEA building (1963-1970, architects M. V. Posokhin, A. A. Mndoyants, V. A. Svirsky; engineers Yu. V. Ratsevich, S. Ya. Shkolnikov), now occupied by the Moscow City Hall. Earlier on the site of the stylobate was the Shelter of Tsarevna Maria on Presnya with the Trinity Church of the Life-Giving (1880-1883, architect N. I. Finisov );
• No. 36, p. 3 - shopping center "Sphere".

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  House number 3

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  House number 5

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  On the corner with Povarskaya street

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  A memorial plaque to Akhmat Kadyrov at house number 19 on Novy Arbat street

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  House number 21 and 21 A on the street. Bolshaya Molchanovka , facade on Novy Arbat

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  Skyscrapers of New Arbat

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  House No. 13. View from Silver Lane

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  Residential building at the intersection with Novinsky Boulevard (No. 30/9)

Plaques

• Akhmat Kadyrov - at house number 19. Opened on August 23, 2004 on the birthday of Akhmat Kadyrov in the building where the representative office of the Chechen Republic is located. The inscription in golden letters on the marble surface reads: "In this building, in 2000-2004, the President of the Chechen Republic, Akhmat-Hadji Kadyrov, who tragically died on May 9, 2004, worked." The memorial plaque was made at a Moscow stone processing plant.
• Mikhail Lukonin , Russian Soviet poet (1918-1976) - at the house number 23.

Commemorative Tokens

• A sign in memory of the events of August 1991 (above the underground tunnel at the intersection of the Garden Ring with Novy Arbat Street, the odd side).
• On October 26, 2015, a memorial sign was installed at house No. 25 as part of the civil initiative “ The Last Address ”, with the name of the editor Yevgenia Tovievna Rudneva-Bazarova ^[30] , who died in the hospital of transit prison No. 2 of Sol-Iletsk of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Chkalov region on November 20, 1942.
• A sign on the site of the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God Satisfy My Sorrows at the Moscow Women's Prison, built in 1909-1910. and demolished in 1958 (house number 36, on the CMEA building ).

The traffic along the street is two-way trafficless. Нечётная и чётная стороны улицы соединены шестью подземными переходами. Наземные переходы отсутствуют. Заложенная в первоначальных вариантах проекта идея отделить транспортные потоки от масс пешеходов не была реализована.

Парковки

Запроектированные при создании Нового Арбата подземные автостоянки на 1000 машин, вдоль его южной стороны, не были осуществлены. Начиная с 1990-х годов, проблема парковки транспорта стала расти. Пешеходные зоны Нового Арбата фактически превратились в хаотичные паркинги . Отчасти эта проблема была решена при комплексном благоустройстве пешеходной зоны нечётной стороны с организацией муниципальной парковки (авторы проекта: «Моспроект-2», Посохин, Михаил Михайлович (руководитель), М. Морина, О. Жибуртович, М. Мордвинова, Е. Учитель; инженеры — И. Янычева, Е. Шонина, И. Родионова, проектирование — 2001 г., реализация — 2002 г.). На нечётной стороне пешеходные зоны и парковка были разделены, на чётной проблема разделения пешеходных потоков и припаркованных машин остаётся.

Сегодня на нечетной стороне Нового Арбата располагается две платные парковки на 98 и 102 места. На четной стороне парковки не предусмотрены.

Наземный общественный транспорт

По улице проходят следующие маршруты общественного транспорта:

• Автобусы № 39 (по всей длине улицы от площади Арбатские Ворота до площади Свободной России), м2, м27 , Н2 (по всей длине улицы в обе стороны).

Остановки: площадь Арбатские Ворота (только из центра), Дом книги, Кинотеатр «Октябрь», Новинский бульвар , площадь Свободной России .

До ликвидации контактной сети в середине 2016 года в рамках программы «Моя улица» по всей длине улицы ходили маршруты троллейбуса № 2 и 44. Вместо маршрута № 2 со 2 мая 2016 запущен маршрут автобуса № Т2. Маршрут № 44 отменён.

Ближайшая станция метро

• Станции метро «Смоленская» (Арбатско-Покровской линии) и «Смоленская» (Филёвской линии) расположены примерно в 400 м. от середины проспекта.
• Станции метро «Арбатская» (Арбатско-Покровской линии) и «Арбатская» (Филёвской линии) расположены недалеко от начала проспекта.

• Инцидент в тоннеле на Садовом кольце (1991)

• Муравьёв В. Б. Московские улицы. Renaming Secrets. - M .: Algorithm, Eksmo, 2006 .-- 336 p. - (People's Guide). - ISBN 5-699-17008-1 .
• Рогачев А. В. Проспекты советской Москвы. История реконструкции главных улиц города. 1935—1990 гг.. — М. : Центрполиграф, 2015. — 448 с. — ISBN 978-5-227-05721-1 .

• улица Новый Арбат (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . — Общемосковский классификатор улиц Москвы (ОМК УМ). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2010. Архивировано 20 февраля 2012 года.
• улица Новый Арбат (неопр.) . — Справочник улиц Москвы. Дата обращения 4 февраля 2010. Архивировано 20 февраля 2012 года.
• Новый Арбат, улица // Имена московских улиц . Toponymic Dictionary / R. A. Ageeva, G. P. Bondaruk, E. M. Pospelov and others; author foreword E.M. Pospelov. - M .: OGI, 2007. - (Moscow Library). - ISBN 5-94282-432-0 .
• Новый Арбат. Сайт об улице.
• Прогулки по Москве. Детали: Новый Арбат. (Подборка фотографий)
• Веб-камера (в сторону центра)
• Веб-камера (в сторону Белого Дома)