Maya Zakharovna Dukarevich ( May 14, 1925 , Moscow - August 16, 2001 , Moscow) - a practical psychologist , a specialist in projective tests , the author of the technique " Drawing of a nonexistent animal ."
| Maya Zakharovna Dukarevich | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | May 14, 1925 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow |
| Date of death | August 16, 2001 (aged 76) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| A country | USSR , Russia |
| Scientific field | Psychology |
| Known as | Creator of the projective test " Drawing of a nonexistent animal " |
Short Biography
Born in the family of a Soviet official and a noblewoman [1] . Father, Dukarevich Zakhar Ilyich, came from the Smolensk Jewish community [2] , worked as head of the material balance sector and construction manager in the 17th trust of the People’s Commissariat of Light Industry [3] . Mother belonged to an impoverished noble family [2] .
According to the noble tradition, until the third grade, the girl received home education , studying as governesses . Since childhood, Dukarevich was fluent in French and German, the latter also contributed to the fact that her Bonn was German [4] [2] . In 1938, Zakhar Ilyich was arrested on charges of counter-revolutionary activity and executed in April of the following year [3] . Soon the mother died [4] . The girl, left in the care of her older sister, was forced to get a job at the factory, combining work with tuition at an evening school [2] .
During World War II, Maya Dukarevich and her sister moved from Moscow to Sverdlovsk , where their aunt lived. A little later, some faculties of Moscow State University were transferred there. MV Lomonosov , previously evacuated to Ashgabat [5] , and Dukarevich entered the Romano-Germanic department of the Faculty of Philology [2] . However, she finished her studies only until the fifth year, when she was expelled [1] [4] (according to an interview with Dukarevich published in the journal Ostrov, she still graduated from Moscow State University after the war [2] ).
Nevertheless, Dukarevich continued self-education, finding her vocation in psychology. She worked as a laboratory assistant in the psychological laboratory of the Central Research Institute of Forensic Psychiatry . V.P. Serbsky (manager N.N. Stanishevskaya), in the psychological laboratory of the Research Institute of Psychiatry of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR (manager B.M. Segal), in the genetic laboratory of the Research Institute of Psychiatry (manager V.P. Efroimson), last place of work became a suicidological research center (head. A. G. Ambrumova) [4] . Despite the fact that Dukarevich formally did not have a psychological education and the corresponding scientific degrees or titles, she was engaged in teaching. Her lectures on characterology were held at the faculty of advanced training of the psychological faculty of Moscow State University and the First Moscow Medical Institute [1] .
In the 1970s M. Z. Dukarevich, together with Yu. S. Savenko, translated and adapted the Rorschach test and the “Human Figure” method [6] . At the same time, the “Drawing of a nonexistent animal” method was developed. However, for the first time under the name of the author, it was published only in the 1990s. [7]
Dukarevich initiated the creation of the psycho-rehabilitation center "Candle" and the service " Helpline " [1] . Being an open lesbian [2] , in the 1990s. she also dealt with the problems of homosexuality and helped create the MOLLY lesbian writer association [8] . According to Viktor Aksyuchits , being a convinced atheist for most of his life, under the impression of communicating with one of her patients, Maya Zakharovna nevertheless received the Orthodox baptism under the name Mary [9] .
In Samarkand there is a Psychological School named after Maya Dukarevich [10] .
Figure of a nonexistent animal
According to this technique, to study the personality of the subject, he was asked to depict an animal that does not exist in reality. The technique belonged to the projective methods of personality research, since it possessed all of its features, including it contained vague stimulus material, which the subject was asked to arbitrarily structure. However, the initial version of the methodology contained only a peculiar catalog of interpretations of the details of the figure, and at the same time practically did not contain the theoretical substantiation of these interpretations. In addition, the drawing may not be sufficiently informative due to its brevity. Therefore, subsequent studies of the “Drawing of a nonexistent animal” methodology were aimed at its validation and to compensate for these shortcomings [11] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Muzychenko, 2013 , p. 6.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Is loving a woman terrible? It's fine! (Interview with Maya Zakharovna) // Island. - M .: Editorial office of the magazine "Island", 2000. - No. 3 . - S. 4-10 .
- ↑ 1 2 Victims of political terror in the USSR . International Society "Memorial". Date of treatment April 25, 2013. Archived May 1, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Savenko Yu. S. Obituary. Maya Zakharovna Dukarevich // Independent Psychiatric Journal. - M .: Folium, 2002. - No. 4 . - S. 92 . - ISSN 1028-8554 .
- ↑ Moscow University in the Great Patriotic War / Ed. ed. A. M. Sakharov. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1975 .-- S. 42. - 555 p.
- ↑ Muzychenko, 2013 , p. five.
- ↑ Muzychenko, 2013 , p. 22.
- ↑ In memory of Maya Dukarevich // RISK: Almanac. - M .: ARGO-RISK, 2002. - Issue. 4 . - S. 191 . - ISBN 5-900506-98-3 .
- ↑ Aksyuchits, Victor The Way to Faith (March 5, 2012). Date of treatment August 24, 2013. Archived September 1, 2013.
- ↑ Non-profit Psychological School named after Maya Dukarevich (December 24, 2016). Date of treatment December 24, 2016.
- ↑ Muzychenko, 2013 , p. 22-26.
Literature
- Bashkirova G. B. Alone with himself. - Second edition. - M .: Young Guard, 1975 .-- S. 132-134. - 208 p. - (Eureka).
- Dukarevich M.Z. Lectures on characterology. - M .: Chero, MPSI, 2006 .-- 174 p. - ISBN 5-88711-245-X .
- Muzychenko G. F. The projective technique “Non-existent animal”. Manual and results of a psychodiagnostic study of adult patients with various disorders of the emotional-personal sphere. - SPb. : Speech, 2013 .-- 556 p. - ISBN 978-5-9268-1269-2 .
- In memory of Maya Zakharovna // Island. - M .: Editorial office of the magazine "Island", 2001. - No. 8 . - S. 2-5 .