Shinwell, Manny

He came from a family of Polish-Jewish origin. As a child, his family moved to Glasgow . His father owned a small clothing store, his mother worked as a cook. He worked as a tailor in a store.

In 1903, Mr .. joined the ranks of the United Union and soon became an active trade union organizer, an important figure of the " Red Clydeside ." In 1911, he played a major role in the sailors' strike in Glasgow. Soon he became secretary of the regional seafarers office. In January 1919, he took part in a workers ’protest. The protest turned into a clash with the police, and Chinwell was charged with inciting riots and sentenced to five months in prison.

Member of the Independent Labor Party , in 1922 he was first elected to the House of Commons and was a member until 1924, and then, from 1928 to 1931, from the Linlinggou constituency.

He has held positions in the governments of Great Britain formed by Ramsey MacDonald :

• January-November 1924 - Minister of Mining,
• 1929-1930 - financial secretary of the Ministry of War,
• 1930-1931 - Minister of Mining. He criticized the decision to form a coalition government with conservatives, for which he was dismissed.

In 1931, he was defeated in the general election. However, in the general election of 1935, he was re-elected a member of the House of Commons from the constituency Durham Sinem, defeating former Prime Minister MacDonald, who, after forming a coalition with the Conservative Party (National Government) in 1931, was expelled from the Labor Party . Although Chinwell was a staunch patriot and anti-fascist, he refused to participate (as Minister of Food) in the coalition government of Prime Minister Winston Churchill during World War II. In 1943 he was elected chairman of the Labor Party.

After the end of World War II and the victory of the Labor Party in the general election in 1945, he was appointed Minister of Fuel and Energy, in this post he was responsible for the process of nationalization of mines as part of the British Coal state corporation. His decision to begin work on open-pit coal mining directly near Wentworth's Forest House was regarded as an “act of class struggle” with the British aristocracy. Owing to his policy of strict rationing of coal in the cold winter of 1946/47, he was dismissed and transferred to the post of Minister of War (not a member of the Cabinet of Ministers), who held until February 1950. He was then British Secretary of Defense (1950-1951).

From 1950 to 1970 He was a member of the House of Commons of Great Britain from the Durham-Isington constituency. After the defeat of the Labor Party in the general election of 1951, he resigned from the National Executive Council of the party, and after the election of its chairman Hugh Gateskell , with whom the politician had a protracted conflict, he also left the composition of the shadow cabinet of the Laborites.

After the victory of the Labor Party in the parliamentary elections of 1964, he was elected chairman of the Labor Party faction in the House of Commons, but was forced to leave this post in 1967 due to fierce resistance to his propaganda of the United Kingdom joining the European Community.

After the departure of their House of Commons in 1970, he was elevated to chivalry as Baron Shinwell and thus gained a seat in the House of Lords. There he was the parliamentary organizer of his faction; He resigned in 1982 due to the increasing influence of left groups in the Labor Party.

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