Farewell pilgrimage ( Arab.حجة الوداع ) - the only pilgrimage (haj) to Mecca, made by the Prophet Muhammad in the last year of his life. The hajj was performed in the 10-year -hjj zul-hija month. On the ninth day of this month, the Prophet Mohammed addressed with his famous keynote speech (Hutbah) to all Muslims. In the course of this pilgrimage, the final traditions of performing the Hajj were laid down [1] .
Content
Arriving in Mecca
On January 25, 632, the Prophet Mohammed left Medina to perform the Hajj . He took wives with him and drove 100 camels for sacrifice , and on February 3 he entered Mecca. In Mecca, he was joined by Ali Ibn Abu Talib . On Thursday, the Prophet Muhammad, with his companions, made a seven-fold detour around the Ka'ba, went to Mina and stayed there until sunset. From Mina, Mohammed moved to Mount Arafat and stayed there until sunset [2] .
Sermon
In the valley, Mina Muhammad personally slaughtered 36 sacrificial camels, and after the midday prayer he addressed the pilgrims with a speech explaining the basic principles of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad said: “O people, listen to me! Truly, I do not know, maybe I will not meet you again at this place after this year! Truly, your life, property and honor should be just as forbidden and inviolable to you as this day is forbidden in this city in this month! Did I not abolish all the arrangements of jahiliya ? And among other things, pre-Islamic accounts of blood revenge are abolished, which primarily concerns Rabia ibn al-Haris, and usury , which was widespread during the times of Jahiliyya, is prohibited, and above all, I completely free the debtors of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib from paying his interest! And fear Allah in regard to women, for they belong to you according to the word of Allah, and therefore you are entitled to demand from them that they do not let anyone else in your bed, and if they do that, then you can beat them, but not cruelly, they have the right to demand that you feed and dress them, as is customary. I will leave to you that which will not allow you to go astray if you stand firmly on this, the Book of Allah. Now tell me, what will you answer when they ask you about me? ”People said:“ We will testify that you gave us what you were told to tell, kept intact what was entrusted to you, and instructed us. ” And then the Prophet exclaimed three times: “O Allah, I urge You to witness it!” Besides, Muhammad raised other issues, after which he sent an ayah for you, improved Your religion, completed My grace to you and approved Islam for you as a religion. ” [3] .
Historians tend to see in the speech of Muhammad a premonition of his imminent demise, however, during the Hajj, he was physically perfectly healthy [2] . This sermon is also called Haj al-bilag , since the Prophet asked people whether he had fulfilled his duty to the end (balagat) [4] .
Performing Hajj rituals
After a round of the Kaaba and a ritual race between al-Safa and al-Marwa, Muhammad covered the Kaaba with a veil. Refusing to live in the house, he settled in a tent in the upper part of the city. On Thursday, he made a seven-time round of the Kaaba, and with his companions went to Mina, where he stayed until the sunset. From there he moved to Arafat and stayed there until sunset. Prior to this, Quraysh had not visited Arafat, considering it to be below the dignity of the permanent inhabitants of the sacred territory. This step meant the rapprochement of the rites of all the tribes who worshiped the shrines of the region of Mecca, and marked a break with the pagan traditions [2] .
Immediately after the end of the rites, the Hajj Muhammad went back to Medina, not lingering in Mecca [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Alizade, A. A., 2007 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Bolshakov O. G., 1989 .
- ↑ al-Ma'ida 5: 3 ( Kuliev )
- ↑ Ashik-Said Konurbaev. The farewell sermon of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) (Hutbat ul-Vida) . islam.ru The date of circulation is January 23, 2014. Archived December 27, 2010.
Literature
- Bolshakov O. G. Farewell pilgrimage // History of the Caliphate. - M. , 1989. - T. 1.
- Alizade A.A. Wada // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007. - 400 p. - (Golden Fund of Islamic thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .