Clap skate or flap skates are the type of speed skates used in classic running. Unlike traditional skates, in which the blade is fixedly fixed on the boot, the valve skate blade is fixed only in the bow of the boot with a spring-loaded hinge . This design makes possible a longer repulsion phase than with traditional skates, which ultimately allows for a higher running speed. The modern klap-skate design was developed at the Free University of Amsterdam , although the idea of such skates appeared at the end of the 19th century . First used in the 1984/1985 season, but until the end of the 90s were not taken seriously. In the 1996/1997 season, the Netherlands women's team successfully used klap skateboards. From the next season, these skates began to be used everywhere.
History
The idea of skates, in which the blade is connected to the boot using a swivel joint, was described and patented in 1884 by Karl Hannes [1] [2] . Re-valve skates were invented by the Dutch biomechanic Gerrit Jan van Ingen Scheenau in 1979 [3] , who created the first prototype in 1980 [2] [3] . He argued that flap skate runners would benefit from increased calf muscle action [3] . In 1985, Ron Ket was the first to run on klap-skate in official competitions. In the 1986/1987 season, some marathon runners intended to use a new kind of skates, but were banned from using them because of the risk of injury when an athlete falls [2] . In addition, the leading skaters of that time, Eads Postma , Bart Weldkamp , Rintier Ritsma, treated them negatively [1] . In the 1996/1997 season, the Netherlands women's team successfully used klap skateboards. From the next season, these skates began to be used everywhere. In 2001, studies were conducted that established that when using valve skates, the pivot point shifts from the tip of the blade to the location of the hinge, which increases the force of the push [4] .
Hinge Design
As a hinge, an industrial bearing is used. The design of the return spring is different. So, for example, Viking uses a coiled torsion spring that is installed around the bearing. Maple uses a tensile spring as a return spring [5] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 'Het moet mogelijk zijn om harder te rijden op die schaatsen!' (unspecified) (pdf). STW . Archived April 30, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Marnix Koolhaas. De klapschaats: voorgeschiedenis van een schaatsrevolutie (neopr.) . Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (4 februari 2010). Archived April 30, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Jos de Koning. Background to the slapskate: Fifteen years of slapskate history, biomechanical backgrounds, first results and recent developments . sportscience (1997). Archived April 30, 2013. (eng.)
- ↑ Succes klapschaats wetenschappelijk verklaard (neopr.) . Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (2001). Archived April 30, 2013.
- ↑ Information about speed skating - Specialized children and youth sports school of the Olympic reserve "Center for the training of athletes in cyclic and game sports" . Date of treatment April 30, 2013. Archived May 2, 2013.