Dutch Angola (officially Loango-Angola ) is the name of the possessions of the Dutch West Indies company in the territory of modern Angola and the Republic of Congo. In particular, this term can also be applied to Portuguese Angola captured by the Dutch between 1641 and 1648. After the capture of Angola by the Portuguese in 1648, trade relations between Holland and Portuguese Angola, despite this, were not broken. Since 1670, the Dutch West Indies Company began to export slaves from the kingdom of Loango , this process continued to be carried out by the Dutch smugglers until 1730 [1] .
| Colony of holland | |||||
| Loango angola | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| niderl. Loango-angola | |||||
| |||||
 Map of Luanda | |||||
←  →1641 - 1648 | |||||
| Capital | Luanda | ||||
| Languages) | Dutch | ||||
| Religion | Netherlands Reformed Church | ||||
| Governor | |||||
| • 1641-1642 | Peter Mortamer | ||||
| • 1642-1648 | Cornelis Hendrickson Auman | ||||
| Story | |||||
| • August 26, 1641 | Surrender of Luanda to the Dutch | ||||
| • August 21, 1648 | The capture of Luanda by the Portuguese | ||||
Due to the considerable distance between and Luanda , the location of the colonial special administration of the Netherlands Gold Coast (“South Africa”) during the occupation of Angola was moved to Luanda [2] .
Content
History
First Attempts
Acting on the Groot Desseyn plan, the Dutch West Indies Company, founded in 1621, after successfully taking Salvador , the capital of Brazil, tried to capture Luanda. In 1624, the Dutch fleet under the command of Pete Hine , trying to capture Luanda, failed; a few months earlier, Philips van Zailen also tried to take the city, but due to the fact that the Portuguese erected fortifications, he could not do this.
After the surrender of the Spanish fleet with treasures to the Dutch in 1628, the Dutch West Indies company again tried to implement the Groot Desseyn plan. With enough resources and money to cover future losses, in early 1630 the Dutch quickly captured Recife and Olinda , the main areas of Brazil, which had large sugar cane plantations.
The Capture of Luanda (1641)
In 1641, the Dutch fleet under the command of Cornelis Jola captured the Portuguese Luanda. Having captured the city, the Dutch entered into an agreement with Queen Ndongo Zinga . Zingi troops attacked the Portuguese in Massangana. Zinga's army replenished in the ranks, and she again besieged Massangana, Salvador di Sa, who led the Portuguese troops, defeated the Dutch, Angola passed into the hands of the Portuguese. Zinga troops retreated to Matamba [3] .
The coastal regions of Angola were controlled by the Dutch from August 26, 1641 to August 21/24, 1648 (the colony was controlled by the Dutch West Indies Company . The capture of Angola by the Dutch was first proposed by King Congo Pedro II. After the capture of Admiral Cornelis of Luanda by the Dutch fleet, the Portuguese troops retreated to the Bengo River, but later the Netherlands renewed alliance with the king of Congo, the combined forces approached the Congo and defeated the Portuguese, who subsequently retreated to Massangan. The conquest of King Congo Garcia II and Zinga, who wanted to help them oust the Portuguese, did not fully conquer Angola, however, the Dutch authorities concluded that they could not monopolize the slave trade in Angola, only exporting slaves from Luanda and other nearby settlements, and moreover, the Portuguese sent reinforcements from Brazil to Massangana, and in 1647, after the defeat of the Zinga troops by the Portuguese in 1646, a law was passed on the creation of the army. At the Battle of Combi, the Dutch forces, jointly operating with Zinga, defeated the Portuguese and subsequently besieged Ambaka, Massangana and Mushima.
Notes
- ↑ Postma, 1990 , p. 101.
- ↑ Postma, 1990 , p. 60.
- ↑ Fage, 1986 , p. 354.
Literature
- Fage, JD The Cambridge History of Africa. - 1986.
- Postma, Johannes M. The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600-1815 . - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. - ISBN 0-521-36585-6 .