The general structural-functional model of the brain is the concept of the brain as a material substrate of the psyche , developed by A. R. Luria on the basis of studying mental disorders in various local lesions of the central nervous system . According to this model, the brain can be divided into three main blocks, which have their own structure and role in mental functioning:
- Energetic
- Reception, processing and storage of exteroceptive information
- Programming, regulation and control of conscious mental activity
Content
Functional blocks of the brain
Each separately taken mental function is provided with the coordinated work of all three blocks, at normal development. The blocks are combined into so-called functional systems, which represent a complex dynamic, highly differentiated complex of links located at different levels of the nervous system and participating in the solution of various adaptive tasks.
1st block: energy
The function of the energy block is to regulate the general changes in brain activation (brain tone , level of wakefulness ) and local selective activation changes necessary for the implementation of higher mental functions .
The energy block includes:
- brain stem reticular formation
- nonspecific structures of the midbrain
- diencephalic departments
- limbic system
- mediobasal divisions of the frontal and temporal lobes
If the painful process becomes the cause of failure in normal operation of the 1st unit, then the result will be a decrease in the tone of the cerebral cortex. A person becomes unstable attention , there is a pathologically increased exhaustion, drowsiness. Thinking loses the selective, arbitrary character that it has in its norm. A person's emotional life changes, he either becomes indifferent, or pathologically alarmed.
Unit 2: Reception, Processing, Storage of Exteroceptive Information
The unit for receiving, processing and storing exteroceptive information includes the central parts of the main analyzers - visual , auditory and skin-kinesthetic . Their cortical zones are located in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of the brain. Formally, it is possible to include the central parts of the taste and olfactory modality here , however, they are represented in the cerebral cortex slightly compared to the main sensory systems.
This block is based on primary projection zones of the cerebral cortex that perform the task of identifying the stimulus. The main function of the primary projection zones is the subtle identification of the properties of the external and internal environment at the level of sensation.
Violations of the second block: within the temporal lobe - hearing may be significantly affected; defeat of the parietal lobes - a violation of skin sensitivity, touch (the patient finds it difficult to recognize the object by touch, the feeling of normal body position is disturbed, which leads to a loss of clarity of movement); lesions in the occipital region and adjacent areas of the cerebral cortex - the process of receiving and processing visual information is deteriorating. Modal specificity is a hallmark of the work of the brain systems of the 2nd block.
3rd block: programming, regulation and control
The block of programming, regulation and control over the course of conscious mental activity, according to the concept of A. R. Luria , is engaged in the formation of action plans. Localized in the anterior cerebral hemispheres, located in front of the anterior central gyrus (motor, premotor, prefrontal cortex), mainly in the frontal lobes .
Damages of this part of the brain lead to disorders of the musculoskeletal system, movements lose their smoothness, and motor skills disintegrate. At the same time, information processing and speech are not subject to change. With complex deep damage to the frontal cortex, the relative safety of motor functions is possible, but the actions of a person cease to obey the specified programs. Expedient behavior is replaced by inert, stereotypical or impulsive reactions to individual impressions.
Bibliography
- Luria A.R. The human brain and mental processes. - M., 1970. - pp. 16-18.
- Karvasarsky B.D. Clinical Psychology. - 2004. - Ch. 12: Neuropsychology.
- Fundamentals of special psychology: Textbook. allowance for stud. n ped. studies. institutions / l. V. Kuznetsova, L. I. Peresleni, L. I. Solntseva, and others; Ed. L.V. Kuznetsova. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002. - 480 p. ISBN 5-7695-0530-3
See also
- Neuropsychology
- Clinical psychology
- Luria, Alexander Romanovich