Anna Semenovna Muravyova-Apostol (nee Chernoevich , circa 1770 - April 9, 1810, Moscow) - Russian writer, wife of I.M. Muravyov-Apostol . Mother of three Decembrists .
| Anna Semenovna Muravyova-Apostol | |
|---|---|
 Jean Laurent Monnier. Anna Semenovna Muravyova-Alostol with her son Matvey and daughter Ekaterina, in the deputy. Bibikova, 1799 | |
| Birth name | Anna Chernoevich |
| Date of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Occupation | |
| Father | Semyon Chernoevich |
| Spouse | Ivan Muravyov-Apostol |
| Children | Decembrists Matvey , Sergey , Hippolytus |
Content
Biography
Born in the family of a Serb Semyon Chernoyevich (d. 1772), who was a general first in the Austrian, then in Russian service, and his wife Elizabeth Aristarkhovna Kashkina (d. Before 1795), daughter of a secret adviser A.P. Kashkin . Cousin of P. A. Osipova , friend of A. S. Pushkin .
On April 30, 1790, she married Ivan Matveevich Muravyov-Apostol, a poor man, but handsome and courteous [1] . The first years of marriage, they lived in St. Petersburg, where Muravyov’s career was very successful. Anna Semenovna was engaged in the house and children. After receiving a home education, she devoted her leisure time to literature and in 1791 translated from French the “Example for Mothers, or the Adventures of the Marquise de Beziers”.
According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Muravyov was “an extremely friendly person and was considered the soul of society, but in family life he was a despot and extremely unfair to children,” Anna Semyonovna was “a smart and truly respectable wife” [2] .
Since 1799, she lived with children in Hamburg, where her husband was appointed envoy. The artist J.L. Monier who lived there, the Muravyovs ordered their paired portraits. On one was Ivan Matveevich Muravyov-Apostol with his daughter Elizabeth, on the second - Anna Semenovna with her six-year-old son Matvey and with her five-year-old daughter Ekaterina. Already in his advanced years, Matvey Muravyov recalled:
| Monier, the painter of Louis XVI, was between the immigrants who lived in Hamburg. I remember how with my mother and sister Ekaterina Ivanovna I went to him and he took portraits from us. The following circumstance was even more impressive in my memory of these visits: on one of our visits, he treated us to earthen pears brought shortly before to Europe from America. |
In 1802, Muravyov was sent as ambassador to Spain, but in 1805 he was forced to resign and, returning to Russia, resigned. Anna Semenovna, however, remained abroad, she settled in Paris , where her sons were brought up in the prestigious Hicks boarding house. However, in view of the hostile relations between the Russian and French empires, this required the permission of Napoleon himself. And the emperor of France wrote: "As long as virtue is respected in France, there will be no oppression before those pestilence Madame Muravyova."
To raise children, Anna Semenovna lived in Paris for more than five years, almost in need: the Parisian life cost Muravyov an average of 20,000 livres a year. In the same place in 1806 her seventh child was born, the son of Hippolytus. The eldest two daughters studied in a boarding house, and sons in a polytechnic school. She energetically and firmly managed with a large economy, although even then she had the first signs of consumption. From her letter to her husband in Moscow:
| Dear friend ... Katerina Fedorovna Muravieva reproaches me for staying abroad and writes that teachers in Moscow are no worse than in Paris, and that everyone will soon believe that you yourself don’t want our return, and that way I’ll hurt your reputation. However, is it not clear that I am not here of my own free will? I am bound by big debts, teaching children, a boarding school, Matthew’s sore feet ... |
In the summer of 1809, the Muravyovs returned to Russia, none of them knew the Russian language, they learned it later. At the border, the sons vigorously expressed joy on the occasion of their arrival at home, even rushed to embrace the watchdog Cossack, and their mother told them:
I am very glad that a long stay abroad did not cool your feelings for your homeland; but get ready, children, I must tell you a terrible thing; you will find that which you do not know: in Russia you will find slaves!
- V.E. Yakushkin. Matvey Ivanovich Muravyov-Apostol // Russian antiquity. - 1886. - No. 7 . - S. 154 .
Fearing the corrupting influence of serfdom, she raised and raised her sons in ignorance of its existence. Subsequently, all three of her sons became Decembrists : Sergey was hanged, Hippolytus shot himself, and Matvey was sent into exile.
The family spent the autumn of 1809 on the Bakumovka estate of the Poltava province, and in January 1810 Anna Semyonovna arrived in Moscow, where she stayed with a distant relative, Ekaterina Fedorovna Muravyeva, on Bolshaya Nikitskaya . At the end of February, she went to St. Petersburg for the wedding of her eldest daughter Elizabeth.
Anna Semenovna was going to settle in the provinces for a long time to restore a neglected economy, but in April 1810 she unexpectedly died in Moscow and was buried in the Novodevichy Convent . Two years after the death of his wife, Muravyov married a second time to the rich landowner P.V. Grushetskaya.
Children
Sons were born in marriage:
- Matvey (1793-1886), lieutenant colonel, Decembrist
- Sergey (1796-1826), lieutenant colonel, Decembrist
- Hippolytus (1806-1826), ensign, Decembrist
daughters:
- Elizabeth (1791-1814), married since 1810 to Count Franz Petrovich Ozharovsky (1785-1828);
- Catherine (1795-1861), maid of honor, married to Major General Illarion Mikhailovich Bibikov (1793-1861);
- Anna (1797-1861), married to Alexander Dmitrievich Khrushchev ;
- Elena (1799-1855), married since 1824 to Semen Vasilyevich Kapnist (1791−1843).
Notes
- ↑ Vigel F.F. Notes: In 2 book. - M .: Zakharov, 2003. - ISBN 5-8159-0092-3
- ↑ Memoirs of S.V. Kapnist-Skalon // Notes of Russian women of the XVIII - the first half of the XIX century. - M .: Sovremennik, 1990 .-- S. 313.
Links
- Muravyova-Apostol, Anna Semenovna // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Russian portraits of the XVIII — XIX centuries . Ed. Led. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich. SPb. 1906. T. II vol. IV. Number 140