Avangard (enterprise, St. Petersburg)

Research Technological Institute No. 18 (NITI-18) was established in Leningrad in 1948 by decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR . The first building of the institution was located on Komsomol Street 41 ^[5] , and the first director was I. V. Fedin (1948-1951), who was then replaced by M. F. Polikarpov .

The main objective of the institute at that time was the structural and technological development of equipment for airborne radar stations and issues related to their further mass production. It was NITI-18 that managed to put into serial production the first in-flight panoramic radar in the USSR ^[6] .

In the 1950s, already under the leadership of the new director V. Ya. Nazarov, work was underway to develop a technology for the production of printed circuit boards and to create a method for designing electronic equipment ^[7] , and soon, to help defense enterprises, a special design and technology was created on the basis of the institute Bureau (OKTB).

In 1965, NITI-18 was renamed LNITI - Leningrad Scientific Research Technological Institute. The reason was the transfer of the enterprise to the department of the State Committee on Radio Electronics.

In the 1970s, LNITI became a center around which, along with factories such as Impulse and Component, a new enterprise was formed - the Leningrad Scientific and Production Association Avangard (LNPO Avangard) ^[6] .

In 1987, on the basis of LNPO, the MNTK “Radiotehnomash” was created, which included 51 enterprises.

In 1993, after privatization, LNPO Avangard became an open joint stock company under the same name - OJSC Avangard.

In 2014, on the basis of Avangard OJSC, it is planned to open a microsystem of technology, which will manufacture equipment for modern integrated security. The Center is a joint project of Russia and Belarus within the framework of the Microsystem Engineering program ^[8] , which is planned to invest 1.5 billion rubles ^[9]

In 2010, on the basis of Avangard OJSC, a department was created at the Department of Security of Technical Systems at the Faculty of Engineering and Physics at ITMO University . Master training will be conducted under the guidance of the best scientific and technical specialists of the enterprise. Students will be given the opportunity to directly participate in the advanced scientific and technical developments of the enterprise and the setting of products for production. Masters of the department will be able to combine study with paid work at the enterprise.

Avangard OJSC actively participates in joint work with universities to train specialists and attracts leading specialists to conduct training sessions at universities, to manage graduate design for graduates on the subject of the enterprise. The main focus of the work was master's training of students. Students of master's training become employees of the enterprise and perform research work at the enterprise on its subject, the result of which will be a master's thesis. This work can be continued by the master in the next stage of study - in graduate school.

The cross-cutting nature of the training makes the professional orientation of the specialist focused, contributes to the education of patriots of the company. As a result, by the time of graduation, not only had the adaptation of the young specialist been completely completed, but the issue of securing him at the enterprise was practically resolved. For students receiving higher education on a commercial basis, the company provides financial support. Supporting strategic partnership relations with universities and colleges of the city, Avangard OJSC participates in joint projects to strengthen and develop the educational material base of educational institutions. ^[ten]

The company develops and manufactures products of the following types ^[11] :

• Special microelectronics
• Microsystem Engineering
• Gas detectors
• Instrumentation
• Basic load-bearing structures
• Chemical materials
• Certificates & Licenses
• Quality policy
• Normative documents
• Electrolysis equipment for the production of low concentrated sodium hypochlorite (GHN) ^[12]

Products developed by the organization are used in the production of missile systems like S-300 , Tor , etc. ^[13]

In addition to production, Avangard OJSC is a developer of the Polyustrovo residential quarter ^[14] .

• Boris Nikolaevich Lyulin - Soviet and Russian inventor, radio engineer, co-author of several inventions ^{[15] [16]} , member of the board of directors ^[17] . Currently, he is responsible for the foreign economic activity of the organization. ^[18]
• Vladimir Vitalievich Merkuryev (b. 02.09.1945) - Soviet researcher in the field of ensuring reliability and radiation resistance , quality management and certification of radio instrumentation products, co-author of more than 50 works and inventions, laureate of two all-Union competitions (1987, 1989). He worked as the head of the industry research reliability laboratory at the LNPO Avangard, and also supervised the educational process at the base department of the LIAP at the LNPO Avangard. ^[nineteen]
• Mikhail Pavlovich Chudakovsky (1926-1993) - Ph.D. N., Soviet and Russian inventor, scientist, designer, radio engineer, founder of the scientific direction on the development and use of microassemblies in the USSR. Laureate of the USSR State Prize. The chief designer of the industry at LNPO Avangard.
• Valery Antonovich Shubarev (b. 09.22.1941 ) - Soviet and Russian scientist, since 1998 the general director of Avangard OJSC. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1988), Doctor of Technical Sciences N., professor. ^[20]

• Official site of Avangard OJSC (neopr.) . avangard-gas.ru. Date of treatment April 12, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
• avangard.org (neopr.) . avangard.org. Date of treatment April 12, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.