Aleksandr Pavlovich Eltekov (May 6, 1846, Bryansk - July 19, 1894, Yalta) - Russian scientist, organic chemist , professor of Kharkov and Kiev universities. Outstanding representative of the Butlerov direction in chemistry. The author of the Eltekov rule.
| Alexander Pavlovich Eltekov | |
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| Scientific field | chemistry |
| Place of work | Kiev University of St. Vladimir |
| Alma mater | Kharkov University (1868) |
| Academic rank | Professor |
| supervisor | A. M. Butlerov |
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Biography
In 1864 he graduated from the Kharkov gymnasium , in 1868 - Kharkov University . In the years 1870-1876 he worked there, in 1876-1885, he worked at the Kharkov Diocesan Women's School. In 1885-1886, he was a professor at the Kharkov Institute of Technology , in 1887-1888 at the Kharkov Institute , and in 1889-1894 at the Kiev University.
Died of tuberculosis . He was buried in Yalta at the Massandra cemetery. A gravestone was erected on his grave with funds raised by the Kharkov Physicochemical Society, about 10 years after his death. During the Great Patriotic War, the Massandra cemetery was destroyed; Currently, at the Polikurovsky memorial (located on the site of the former Massandra cemetery) there is a memorial plaque dedicated to A.P. Eltekov.
Scientific activity
The main works of the scientist are devoted to the study of transformations of hydrocarbons and their oxygen derivatives ( esters , alcohols ).
In 1877, A. Eltekov, on the basis of his research, came to the conclusion about the instability of unsaturated alcohols with a hydroxyl group at a carbon atom bound by a double bond (Eltekov rule). Later, in 1880, this rule was formulated by Erlenmeyer .
A. Eltekov is the author of a method for determining the structure of unsaturated compounds by converting them into two-halide derivatives, and then into oxygen compounds.
I found out the nature of “commercial amylene ”, showing that it consists of a mixture of four isomers with a predominance of trimethylene. In 1878 (at the same time as Yu. V. Lermontova in the laboratory of A. M. Butlerov , of whom he was a student), he discovered the alkylation reaction of olefins with fat-containing halo derivatives; this reaction formed the basis for the synthesis of a number of types of modern motor fuel. In the same year, he discovered the reaction of producing aldehydes and ketones by heating the corresponding α- and β-dibromoalkanes with water in the presence of lead oxide (the last stage of this reaction - the conversion of α-glycols to carbonyl compounds - is now called Eltekov rearrangement ).
Selected Works and Publications
- Materials on the molecular movements between hydrocarbons of a number of ethylene and between saturated alcohols. (Kharkov. 1884)
Literature
- Eltekov, Alexander Pavlovich // Elokventsiya - Yaya. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1957. - S. 10. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 49).
- Khotinsky E.S. Alexander Pavlovich Eltekov and his role in the development of organic chemistry // From the History of Russian Chemistry ...: Sat. articles. - Kharkov, 1952.