Aleksandr Ivanovich Yushchenko ( Ukrainian: Oleksandr Ivanovich Yushchenko ; December 2 ( November 20 ), 1869 , Vodotecha farm - June 13 , 1936 , Kharkov) - Ukrainian Soviet psychiatrist, known as one of the founders of the biochemical direction of psychiatry, a researcher of the microscopic structure of the sympathetic nodes of animals and humans , progressive paralysis in children, neurosis and psychopathy, human constitution [2] .
| Alexander Ivanovich Yushchenko | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Oleksandr Ivanovich Yushchenko | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | December 2 ( November 20 ) 1869 |
| Place of Birth | Vodotecha farm , Glukhovsky district , Chernihiv province , Russia |
| Date of death | June 13, 1936 (66 years old) |
| Place of death | Kharkov , Ukrainian SSR , USSR |
| A country |  Russian Empire  RSFSR (1917-1922) ,  the USSR |
| Scientific field | psychiatry , biochemistry |
| Place of work | Kharkov University University of Warsaw VOPNL them. Academician A. I. Yushchenko , Hospital of the Holy Great Martyr Panteleimon , Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine , North Caucasus State University , Institute of Clinical Psychiatry and Social Psychohygiene |
| Alma mater | Kharkov University (1893) |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Science (1896) |
| Academic rank | professor , academician of RAMS |
| supervisor | P.I. Kovalevsky , V.M. Bekhterev , M.V. Nentsky |
| Famous students | N. M. Itenko , M.P. Nevsky, V.M. Kovalenko |
| Known as | one of the founders of the biochemical school in psychiatry, the founder of the Soviet school of biological psychiatry and the Rostov scientific school of psychiatry, a reformer of psychiatry [1] |
Content
Biography
Birth, Early Years
Alexander Ivanovich Yushchenko was born into a peasant family on a Vototech farm near the county town of Glukhov, Chernihiv province (now - the outskirts of Glukhov, the district center of Sumy region ) [3] .
The boy received primary education from a clerk in a parish church , and then - a zemstvo school . After graduating with honors, A. I. Yushchenko in 1880 entered the gymnasium [3] .
Personal life
Beginning
After graduating from high school in 1888 , Alexander Yushchenko entered the medical faculty of Imperial Kharkov University [3] . At the IV year for the scientific work “The content of free hydrochloric acid and the state of the digestive ability of the stomach in various diseases of it”, the university awarded A. I. Yushchenko a gold medal [3] .
Prosperity, Mature Years
A. I. Yushchenko graduated from the University in 1893 and worked for 2 years at his Department of Nervous and Mental Diseases , whose head was P. I. Kovalevsky, a well-known psychiatrist, publicist and public figure. In 1896, under his leadership, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the structure of sympathetic nerve nodes in mammals and humans [4] . In 1896, P. I. Kovalevsky became rector of the University of Warsaw, and A. I. Yushchenko worked with him for a short period of time [4] . However, after a serious illness suffered in the summer of 1896, Professor P. I. Kovalevsky was forced to leave the post of rector, and Alexander Ivanovich went to St. Petersburg , to the clinic of nervous and mental diseases of the Medical and Surgical Academy "for further improvement" under the guidance of V. M. Ankylosing spondylitis. There he worked in a clinic, studied in a histological and physiological laboratory.
Rostov period
At the Don State University (now Southern Federal University ) Alexander Ivanovich Yushchenko began working in 1920 [1] . Here he continued to actively engage in research, teaching and social activities. On the initiative of the head of the department of psychiatry, K. S. Agadzhanyants, who increased her staff, on June 9, 1920, A. I. Yushchenko became a professor in the department. When K.S. Agadzhanyants emigrated to Turkey , Alexander Ivanovich took his place as head of the department and psychiatric clinic, and in 1921 served as university rector.
End of life, death
Achievements
Scientific Concept
According to Alexander Ivanovich Yushchenko, psychiatry should be based on 4 pillars:
- Psychology and psychopathology ;
- Anatomy and histology ;
- Biochemistry
- Physiology of the cerebral cortex [1] .
Legal Views on Mental Health
While working at Don State University, Alexander Yushchenko continued the traditions of his predecessor, K. S. Agadzhanyants, in reforming the process of providing medical care to the mentally ill. He believed that a psychiatric hospital should carry out diagnostic and treatment functions, and not charity. To this end, in a report dated July 30, 1920, A. I. Yushchenko for the first time raises the question that one should not place a mentally ill patient for treatment without asking “the manager’s consent and not coping with the number of places” and is unacceptable when this is not done in the medical structure -prevention institutions, and administrative organizations, including those that are far from medicine ("health department, military department, police") [1] .
Administrative Achievements at Don State University
The activities of A. I. Yushchenko as head of the department and clinic began with administrative work. The financial condition of the clinic was very difficult, so many patients refused hospitalization and the situation, according to Alexander Ivanovich himself, constituted “the threat of the most terrible excesses, like fires, suicides, murders by patients and each other's employees” [1] .
However, Alexander Ivanovich Yushchenko tried to find a way out of the difficult economic situation by reorganizing the financing and its control by the staff of the department and clinic [1] . In 1924 , a major overhaul was made at the department, a museum and a library were created, and intensive pedagogical and scientific work was carried out.
Ratings
P.I. Emdin , Russian and Soviet neuropathologist and neurosurgeon , employee A.I. Yushchenko, in 1928 writes:
| Everyone had an empty audience, there were no patients, the rooms were cold and hungry, and there were many students in the audience of Alexander Ivanovich and the rooms were full of patients. Alexander Ivanovich demanded that students study. Everywhere ... he was indignant, threatened, demanded ... And the youth quickly began to learn not out of fear, but on conscience, for the lectures were exciting, the classes were new and interesting. Discipline was raised in the clinic from top to bottom. Alexander Ivanovich concentrated around himself many talented young doctors ... scientific work began to boil in the offices and laboratories of the clinic [1] . |
List of works
- Yushchenko A. I. Fundamentals of the doctrine of the criminal, mentally ill and psychology of a normal person: an introduction to the course of forensic psychopathology = Fundamentals of the teachings of the criminal, mentally ill and psychology of a normal person: introduction to the course of forensic psychopathology. - M .: Publishing House K. L. Ricker, 1913 . - 72 p.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 History of the department . Department of Psychiatry and Narcology FPK and teaching staff of Rostov State Medical University. Date of treatment April 15, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
- ↑ Yushchenko Oleksandr Ivanovich (Ukrainian) . Українська Radyansk Encyclopedia . Leksika.com.ua. - An article about Yushchenko Alexander Ivanovich in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. Date of treatment April 10, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Klochko V. L. Oleksandr Ivanovich Yushchenko (Ukrainian) (inaccessible link) . Вінницька psychoneurologist lіkarnya im. Acad. O. I. Yushchenko (historical naris) 1897-1997 . Vinnytska oblast psychoneurological lіkarnya im. Academician O. І. Yushchenko. - An article about Yushchenko Alexander Ivanovich on the website of the hospital named after him. Date of treatment April 12, 2013. Archived April 4, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Petryuk P.T. Academician Aleksandr Ivanovich Yushchenko - a well-known domestic scientist, psychiatrist and former saburyanin (on the 140th birthday) // Archiv Psychiatry. - 2009. - T. 15 , No. 2 . - S. 5-9 .